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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is a database?
What does it include? |
A collection of related information
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Tables, Observations, Fields
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Synonym-Fields
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Varibles, Columns
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Synonym- Observations
What is a observation? |
Records
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A row of information about the feature. Usually of one specific marker for ex. a row of information of the marker: (Country name).
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What are obervational units?
In geographical databases, what do observational units represent? |
Things we are taking measurements for.
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Some sort of geographical feature or location
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Name the 10 data types?
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Text, Date, Memo, Boolean, Integer, Long Integer, Single (Number), Double (Number), Currency, BLOB (OLE Object)
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Text
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Alphanumeric information being numbers or letters ranging from 1-255 characters
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Memo (and example of one)
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Storybook narratives of information.
Ex. If you wanted to add a countries history to the database |
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Date
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How many days have passed in between two dates.
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Boolean
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True or False values
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Integer
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Whole numbers that are positive and negative.
No fractions |
2 bytes of space
+-32,000 |
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Long Integer
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4 bytes of space
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+- 2.1 Billion
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Single (number)
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Fractional, decimal values that have 6-7 significant digits.
ex. 245.678 |
4 bytes of space that include rounding errors
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Double (number)
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Fractional, decimal values that have 15-16 significant digits
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8 bytes of space that include rounding errors
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Currency
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Financial calculations w/o losing a cent.
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Can be used for managing money data
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BLOB
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Binary Large Object
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Image files, photographs, PDF, word documents
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What can you do with data queries?
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Queries are the means by which database management software retrieves information from a database. Queries can also be used to update information in a database.
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What are the two types of operators used with queries?
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Boolean operaters and Relational operaters
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What is a relational operater?
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>, <, =, >=, <=, <>
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What is a boolean operator?
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AND or NOT functions putting together complex data
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What is SQL? and what does it stand for?
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SQL is the special language for construction queries.
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It stands for Structured Query Language.
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What are some data query types?
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Update, Select, Totals, Make Tables
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Explain the update query?
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You can create new field information from one or more existing fields.
Ex. Computing population density information into a table |
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Explain the select query function?
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Can utilize both of the operators comparing 2 or more fields include and specific data.
Ex. Select Clause: fields- Country and Population from table 1 Where Clause: Population > 10000 AND religion is 'Muslim' |
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Totals query?
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generate summary information about selected records in your database.
Ex. Select sigma button to get the total population, average population, and land area for your County database |
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Make Tables query?
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Transfers query data into the table.
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How do you calculate percent change over time?
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%change= (Later measurement-Earlier measurement) / Earlier measurement x100
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Ex. NC's pop1990= 6,628,637.
NC's pop2000= 8,049,313. (8,049,313-6,628,637) / 6,628,637 *100= 21.43% |
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What is Primary data?
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First-hand data collection. Data you physically collected.
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Ex. of Primary data in physical geography?
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Rainfall, soil data, wind
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Ex. of Primary data in human geography?
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Population, surveys
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Secondary data?
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Data others collected
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Ex. of secondary data in physical geography?
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US Dept. of Agriculture
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Ex. of Secondary data in human geography?
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US Census
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What is Metadata?
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Process of how data was collected
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What is continous data?
Ex.? |
Continous data does not change over abrutely space
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Air tempurature has no change over state lines
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What is discontinuous data?
Ex.? |
Data that can change abrutely over space.
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Laws. Categorical information.
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What does a grouped frequency table show?
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The interval, tally, and count of the data table
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How do you construct an interval?
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Choose a number between 10 and 20 in order to find the initial interval width.
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How do you din the initial interval width?
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Calculate the range (Max number - Min number) and divide it by the interval (# between 10-20), round your answer to a convient number. ex. 2,882,333 to 3,000,000
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How do you get a starting point for the frequency table?
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Round you lowest number down to a reasonable point.
ex. 536,180 down to 500,000 |
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What goes in the count and tally piece of the frequency table?
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Tally- # of markers that fall into the interval
Count- total # of tallies for each interval. |
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What is the purpose of a histogram?
How do we create one? |
The histrogram shows us the shape of our data
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By imputing the data from the frequency table
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What three things do frequency tables and histograms tell us?
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The range (high and low score), Distributional shape (usually follows the standard normal distribution, bell curve), outliers (ex. California in U.S. population)
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Pie Charts
Ex.? |
Show parts of a whole.
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Proportions or percentages of the total.
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Bar Charts
Ex.? |
Discrete catagories or individual features
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Comparing size, magnitude, or length of several observations or features
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Line Chart
Ex.? |
Continous data changes over time and across space
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Change over time, Change with distance
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