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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When does a stroke occur? |
When the cerebral blood vessels stop supplying brain tissue with o2 rich blood = cerebral infarction/death of neurons |
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What could be the cause of cerebral vessels not being able to supply the brain tissue? |
Blockage or bleeding |
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What are the different types of CVA/stroke? |
- ischaemic - haemorrhagic - transient ischaemic attack |
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What is an ischaemic stroke? |
When there is a blockage in the cerebral blood vessels supplying the brain tissue. Can either be embolic, thrombotic, or transient |
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What is embolic ischaemic stroke? |
When a fragment of a clot (from outside of the brain) breaks away and travels to the brain |
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What is a TIA? |
Transient ischaemic attack or a “mini stroke” that only lasts a few minutes or hours before it resolves. This is a warning sign for impending ischaemic stroke |
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What symptoms will a person with right sided brain damage present with? |
- left sided Hemiplegia/weakness - can’t see things on left side of body leading to left side neglect - confuses with date, time and place - impaired judgement - short attention span - emotionally unstable - denies limitations - impulsive - special-perceptual deficits |
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What symptoms would a person with left sided brain injury present with? |
- right sided hemiplegia/weakness - can’t see things on right side of body leading to right side neglect - aphasia - aware of limitations - depressed, angry, frustrated - agraphia - alexia - decreased math and analytical skills |
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What are the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of stroke? |
Smoking Thinners Rhythm changes Oral contraceptives Kin (family hx) Excessive weight Senior citizen Hypertension Atherosclerosis Physical inactivity Previous TIA Elevated glucose/diabetes aNeurysm in the brain |
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What is the frontal lobe responsible for? |
Thinking speaking memory and movement |
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What is the temporal lobe responsible for? |
Hearing learning and feelings |
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What is the parietal lobe responsible for? |
Language and touch |
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What is occipital lobe responsible for? |
Vision |
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What is the cerebellum responsible for? |
Balance and coordination |
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What is the brain stem responsible for? |
Temperature, HR and resp rate |
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What is the FAST analogy? |
Use to detect signs of a stroke Facial droop Arm weakness/numbness Speech difficulty/slurring Time to act fast and note the time that signs and symptoms started |
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What is aphasia? |
Difficulty comprehending and producing speech |
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What is dysphagia? |
Difficulty swallowing |
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What is dysarthria? |
Can’t speak clearly due to weakened muscles |
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What is apraxia? |
Inability to perform voluntary muscle movements |
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What is agraphia? |
Inability to write |
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What is Alexia? |
Inability to read |
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What is agnosia? |
Inability to recognise known objects and people |
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What is hemiamopia? |
When the person can only see half of the visual field? |
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What is tissue plasminogen activator? |
- first line treatment for ischaemic stroke ONLY do not use in haemorrhagic stroke - breaks down fibrin which causes blood clots to dissolve - can only be given within 3 hours from onset of symptoms |
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What do you need to check before giving tPA? |
- CT scan is negative for haemorrhagic stroke - lab results within normal limits - blood pressure controlled - patient hasn’t received any anti-coagulants within past 24 hours |
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What are the nursing interventions for a patient with stroke? |
- monitor vital signs - monitor for increased intracranial pressure - monitory airway - assess cranial nerves - monitor bladder and bowel function (catheterise if oliguria) - skin integrity |
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What are some things you could do as the nurse to maintain skin integrity in a patient with stroke? |
Reposition 2 hourly Encourage passive ROM exercises Remind patient to make conscious effort to use and touch their affected side (to prevent neglect syndrome) |
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What are some things you could do as the nurse to prevent injury from occurring due to hemianopsia? |
Encourage patient to scan the room from side to side every once and a while |
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What would the diet of a patient who has just had stroke be like? |
- thick fluids (to prevent aspiration) - mechanical soft diet - crushing medications |
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What is a tip that you could use to help a patient with swallowing and to prevent aspiration? |
Tip the chin towards the chest when swallowing |
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How would you communicate with someone with stroke? |
- short phrases/simple details - communication board - gestures - patience - remove distractions - repeat |
