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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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If both legs have pain, would it be called sciatica?
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No, L5, S1 Radiculopathy
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Most common radiculopathy?
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Sciatica; compression of L4 or L5 or S1, 2, 3; may not be all of them. A disc is pressing on the nerve root causing pain.
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When we say sciatica what do we mean?
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We are describing the set of symptoms rather than a diagnosis.
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Pseudosciatica (non-discogenic sciatica) can be caused by:
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More peripheral (farther down along nerve) arthritis of facet joints in lower back as well as piriformis syndrome - 15% of population's sciatic nerve runs through piriformis (compression of man's wallet); prolonged sitting, overweight; pregnancy (uterus presses on sciatic nerve)
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When do trigger points occur?
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muscles become ischemic (low blood flow) during injury or chronic muscular contraction.
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What is a physical examination that can lead to diagnosing sciatica?
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Straight leg raise (also called Lasegue's); patient may also have a weakness raising their toe or foot drop: dorsi flexing the foot
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Risk factors for Gingivitis
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*diabetes
*alcoholism *poor dental hygiene *bulemia |
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Complementary therapies can include:
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exercise, weight loss, posture, calcium supplementation, cessation smoking, estrogen supplementation, testosterone supplementation, massage therapy, acupuncture
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Etiology of gingivitis
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bacterial plaque
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Gingivitis can progress to
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periodontitis
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Apthous ulcer also known as
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canker sore (open sore inside the mouth or upper throat characterized by a break in mucous membrane)
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True of False
Oral herpes (herpes simplex virus I) becomes an ulcer |
true
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Chrones can manifest where in the body?
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anywhere between the mouth and anus
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What is the main cause of
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stress, menses, sun exposure
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Cold sore/Fever blister = ?
Canker sore = ? |
Cold Sore/Fever blister = Herpes Simplex I
Canker Sore = Apthous Ulcer |
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Autoinoculation of herpes simplex I means
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you can give it to other parts of your own body
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Risk factors for candida
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diabetes, cortizone asthma sprays, newborns, denture users, birth control pill users, immuno compromise (AIDS, etc can lead to systemic candida)
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GERD most typical symptom
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heartburn may be accompanied by hiatal hernia
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Other GERD symptoms
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dysphagia- trouble swallowing; odynophagia - pain swallowing, nausea, chest pain, vomitting (food stagnation)
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Commonly used GERD Medications:
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Prilosec; Zantac; Tagamet; Protonix
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Where do most peptic ulcers arise?
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Duodenum (first part of SI) rather than the ST and are generally benign
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Peptic ulcers can be worse by
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aspirins, NSAIDS
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Pain of Peptic Ulcer vs. Cholethiasis
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Worse before the meal and sometimes relieved by the meal; worse after the meal and made worse by the meal
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True or False
Most Cholelithiasis may be asymptomatic |
true
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Where can Gallstone pain occur
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between shoulder blades, pain in the shoulders (mostly right), pain in the back, right upper quadrant,
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Murphy's sign is
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pain in right upper quadrant experienced during a deep breath
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Gallstones can cause infection called
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Cholecystitis: fever, chills, jaundice, lightly colored or clay colored stools
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Celiac Disease caused by
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reaction to gluten found in wheat, gliadin
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Symptoms of Celiac Disease
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diarrhea (non-bloody), cramping, abdominal distention, mouth ulcers, IBS
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Dermatitis Herpetiformis
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IBS symptoms with Herpes TYPE rashes, increased anxiety,fatigue, dyspepsia, musculoskeletal pain
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NICE recommends screening for celiac disease in patients with:
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chronic fatigue, IBS, Type I diabetes, insufficient weight gain, unexplained weight loss
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Chrohn's Disease symptoms
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skin rashes, arthritis, inflammation of the eye, tiredness, lack of concentration
Autoimmune Disease |
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Chrohn's Consequences
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strictures (narrowing of lumen - inside of bowel)
ulcers fistulae bloody or non-bloody diahhrea pain |
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IBS is considered
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functional bowel disorder, psychoimmunological disorder
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IBS vs. Crohn's
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main difference: over time Crohn's disease patients are sicker and have more pain. Results in strictures, scarring, narrowing, that can cause impactions. Also bloody diarrhea indicative of Crohn's. Granulomas (pancake shaped scar tissue) can be detected
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Diverticulosis risk factors
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over the age of 40, bloating, pain
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Diverticulosis definition
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condition having diverticula in the colon, outpocketings of the colonic mucosa and submucosa through weakness of muscle layers of colon wall more common in sigmoid colon
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Diverticulosis symptoms
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1. bloating 2. changes in bowel movements (constipation, diarrhea 3. non-specific chronic discomfort in lower left abdomen with acute episodes of sharper pain 4. abdominal pain after meals often in left lower abdomen
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Which would you treat with low fiber diet?
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Crohn's
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IIncreased Risk Factors for Diverticulosis
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increasing age, constipation, diet that is low in dietary fiber content high in fat, high intake of meat or red meat, connective tissue disorder (such as Marfan syndrome) that may cause weakness in colon wall
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Definition of Trigeminal Neuralgia
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characterized by severe episodes of pain in the face, originating in one of three trigeminal nerves
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Where does pain of Trigeminal Neuralgia occur?
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ear, eye, lips, nose, scalp, forehead, cheeks, teeth, or jaw alongside face, some also experience pain in their left index finger
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True or False:
Trigeminal Neuralgia is easily cured and controlled |
False
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Bell's Palsy definition:
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idiopathic facial paralysis; dysfunction of cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
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Bell's Palsy causes paralysis on which side of the face?
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Same side of face as Facial Nerve (VII) dysfunction
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Conditions that may cause facial paralysis include:
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brain tumor, stroke, Lyme disease
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Bell's Palsy vs. "Central Seven"
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Central Seven is an Upper Motor Neuron lesion
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What part of the face does Central Seven affect?
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only lower part of face on contralateral side, due to bilateral control of upper facial muscles
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Meniere's Disease is classified by four symptoms:
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1. periodic episodes of rotary vertigo or dizziness
2. fluctuating, progressive, unilateral or bilateral hearing loss usually in lower frequencies 3. unilateral or bilateral tinnitus 4. sensation of fullness or pressure in both ears. |
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Although Meneire's is idiopathic it is believed to be related to:
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endolymphatic hydrops bursting causting damage or excess fluid in the ear
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Vagus nerve is responsible for:
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heart rate, gastrointestinal peristalsis, sweating, speech, keeping larynx open for breathing; afferent fivers of outer ear
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When a person coughs when tickled in the ear it is due to which nerve?
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Vagus Nerve
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Activation of Vagus Nerve leads to:
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reduction in heart rate and blood pressure
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Vasovagal Syncope is caused by
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excessive activation of vagal nerve during emotional stress, which is parasympathetic overcompensation of a strong sympathetic nervous response causing drop in blood pressure and heart rate
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Vasovagal Syncope affects:
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young children and women
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Vasovagal Syncope can lead to
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temporary loss of bladder control under moments of extreme fear
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Valsava maneuver is perfomed by:
And is used for: |
*forcible exhalation against closed airway, (closed mouth, pinched nose)
*test of cardiac and autonomic nervous system function of controlling the heart; or to clear the ears |
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Cranial Nerve XI is also called
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accessory nerve, cranial accessory nerve, or spinal accessory nerve
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Cranial Nerve is for
A. Sensory B. Motor |
B. Motor
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The origin of the Accessory Nerve is:
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Cranial and Spinal Roots
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The Spinal Accessory Nerve controls which muscles?
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Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
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One-sided shoulder raise test suggests injury to which side of spinal accessory nerve?
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Same side
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Weakness in head turning testing sternocleidomastoid suggests injury to which side of spinal accessory nerve?
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opposite side
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Tension-like headaches resulting from prolonged, inappropriate posture or poor ergonomic adaption result in:
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Atlanto-Occipital and Tension Headaches
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Atlanto-Occipital Joint and Tension Headaches can cause symptoms such as:
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cracking of neck, discomfort when sitting, continuous migraine-like headaches, dullness, dizziness, tingling in fingers, sensitivity to light and feeling like head is expanding
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Radiculopathy is defined as:
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In a radiculopathy, the problem is at or near the root of the nerve, along the spine. However, the pain or other symptoms may manifest in an extremity through a process called referred pain.
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Most common Cervical Spine Injuries occur at:
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C6, C7 which Extends elbow and wrist (triceps) and wrist extensors); pronates wrist
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