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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epilepsy Facts |
- affects about 2 people in every hundred - affects all ages, races, intelligence and social economic levels. - Most commonly affects under 5 years and over 55 - affects about 33% of people with cerebral palsyor autism - affects a large percent of people with intellectual disabilities. |
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What are some causes of Epilepsy? |
- Metabolic disorders - cerebral tumors - stroke - head injuries - intercrain infection - cerebro-vascular degenerations - low glucose - drugs and alchole - hypoxia - intercrainl hemorrhage - birth trauma - genetic epilepsies - drugs and alchole |
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What is a seizure? |
The result of sudden, uncontrolled electrical dischrge in a group of brain cells (neurons). For a brief time, this abnormality activity can acuse strange sensations, strong emotions, convulsions and spasms, uncharcterisetic behavior, impact on thought proccesses and loss of consciousness. |
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What are genralised seizures? . What are focal seizures? |
Across both hemispheres of the brain . Occue or begin in just on part of the brain.
Focal seizures may spread to become genralised. |
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What are the lobes of the brain? |
Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe. |
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What are the two different types of focal seizures? |
Motor (when you see it) Non- motor (when you cant see it - they can smell a bad smell) |
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What are motor seizures classified into? and list some symptoms of each. |
(FOCAL) Negative - Dysphasic, atonic (totally relaxed), weakness and Todds paresis (often post) . Positive - Jerks and twitching |
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What are the different symptoms, or things affected my Non motor seizures? |
(FOCAL) Somatosensory - skin crawling, itchy Visual - distortion of sight Olfactory - they smell a terrible smell Gustatory - nausea, rising sensation Auditory - hearing Autonomic - increase pulse and temprature. Psychic - strong emotion Automatisms - lip smacking, fiddling |
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What are automatisms? |
Defined as involuntary actions which occure during a focial dyscognitive seizure. - There is a total amnesia for the eents of the automatisms. - Sometimes the actions have purposeful elements, are affected by the enviroment and can involve quite complex activity. |
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What type of signs/symptoms would you see in an automatism? |
Oro-alimentary - chewing, lip smacking, swallowing or drooling Mimicry - including display of laughter or fear, anger or excitement Gestural - fiddling movements, tapping, patting, rubbing Ambulatory Automatisms - walking, circuling or running Verbal automatisms - meaningless sounds, humming, whistling, grunting. Responsive automatisms - Quasi-purposeful ehaviour, seemingly responsive to envoroment stimuli. Violent Behavior - can occur in an automatism. Such behaviour is highly likely if ther person is restrained. |
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What are the four stages of level of conciousness? |
- full awareness - auras - dialeptic - loss of awareness - Dyscognitive - confused behaviour - unconscious |
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What are the forms of genralised seizures? |
- tonic clonic - absent - typical, atypical, special features - clonic - tonic - atonic - myoclonic |
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Tell me what you know about tonic clonic seizures. |
- Duration of 1-3 mins - loss of conciousness - body becomes stiff (tonic) - jerking occurs (clonic) - person may bite their toung, produce excess saliva or lose control of their bladder. - headache, deep speep and confusion |
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Tell me what you know about absence seizures. |
They are devided into typical and atypical - Typical - pause in activity with a blank stair. Occue frequently. Duration is 5-10 seconds. Rapid eye blinding/eye deviation. triggered by hyperventilation. . - Atypical - begin and end gradually. More than 10 seconds. not triggered by hyper ventilation. eye blicking/movements of lips. refractory epilepsis. . Myoclonic, absent and eyelid myoclonia. |
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What are clonic seizures? |
Bilateral rhythmic jerking arms and legs rare |
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What are tonic seizures? |
(drop attack) - stiffening of the body without jerking |
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What is an atonic seizure? |
(drop attack) - sudden loss of muscle strength and the person falls foward - recovers quickly with risk of injury to face and head, helmut may need to be worn. |
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What is a myoclonic seizure? |
- jerking movements of the body, mostly in the head and upper limbs. - linked to sleep patterns |
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What are the three stages of a seizure |
Pre - ictal behaviour Ictal behaviour Post - ictal behaviour |
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Tell me about anticonvulsant medication. |
Over 70% of people will have control of their seizures with medication. Some take a combination of drugs. Some anti-convulsant drugs may also be sued to treat other conditions. regularly 12 hour spacing. |
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What are the most common side effects of seizure medication? |
Sedation cognitive slowing lethargy depression memory disturbances aggression irritability |
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What is status epilepticus? |
Prolonged, continuous or repeated seizures with or without complete recovery of consciousness. - a seizure lasting longer than 5 mins (impending status) - seizure that are more frequent than every 20 mins apart with or without recovery (clustering) |
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What is SUDEP? . Who may be at risk? |
Sudden Unexpected Death In Epilepsy :( . - uncontrolled seizures - genralised seizure during sleep - non-complient - frequent or sudden med changes
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What is the drug that QAS used to treat seizures? |
Midazalam >50 years - 2.5gm/0.5mL <50 years - 5mg/1mL
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