Cranial Nerves Lecture

Front 1

For sensory pathways they must have a receptor in

Back 1

periphery (this is a transducer)

Front 2

For sensory pathways the first order nerone has its cell body

Back 2

outside CNS (eg. DRGs)

Front 3

For sensory pathways Second/third/fourth order neurone invovled in

Back 3

processing information

Front 4

For sensory pathways all sensory systems except (?notes) passs through the

Back 4

thalamus before reaching cerabral cortex

Front 5

For sensory pathways information does not necessarily pass through ALL

Back 5

cells/nucei in ascending pathways

Front 6

Parallel pathways involve the

Back 6

pain & temp vs proprioception

Front 7

Motor pathways don't appear as organized as

Back 7

sensory systems

Front 8

For motor pathways the control hierachy starts at the

Back 8

primary motor cortex or limbic system

insincere smile vs spontaneous smile
reflex eye movements and speaking in highly emotional contexts

Front 9

For motor pathways Output neurones of cortex/limbit system project to

Back 9

brainstem and spinal cord nuclei

e.g. hypoglossal motor nucleus, facial nucleus, gastrocnemius motor nucleus

Front 10

For motor pathways The role of ______ are very important

Back 10

interneurones

Front 11

For motor pathways The outflow from the pathways are modified by

Back 11

basal ganglia (BG) and cerebellum (Cb)

Front 12

In general sensory pathways involve a

Back 12

multi-neuron chain from periphery to cortex, crossing of the neuroaxis, parallel pathways

Front 13

In general the motor pathways involve

Back 13

most fibres crossing, other descending pathways originate in the brainstem (rubrospinal, reticulospinal)

Front 14

Name the 7 functional components in nerves

Back 14

GSA
GVA
GSE
GVE

extras in head

SSA
SVA
SVE

Front 15

The posterior Alar and anterior Basal of the spinal cord form the

Back 15

medial Basal and lateral Alar of the brainstem

Front 16

What are the 4 types of informal trasmitted by the spinal cord nerves

Back 16

GSA GVA GSE GVE

Front 17

What are the four sensory nerve information types for the head

Back 17

General somatic sensory
-GSA V, VII, IX, X

General visceral sesory
-GVA IX,X

Special somatic sensory
-SSA I, II, VIII

Special visceral sensory
-SVA VII, IX, X

Front 18

What are the 3 types of motor nerve information in the head

Back 18

Somatic motor
-GSE III, IV, VI, XII

visceral motor (parasympathetic)
-GVE III, VII, IX, X

Branchail motor (from gill arches)
-SVE V, VII, IX, X, XI

Front 19

Where are msot of the cranial nerve nuclei

Back 19

most in brainstem

Front 20

In regards to cranial nerve nuclei some are ____ and others are _____

Back 20

sensory

motor

same rules, in terms of medial-lateral location as for spinal cord

Front 21

General somatic motor (GSE)

Back 21

somatic striated muscle e.g. tongue

Front 22

Branchial motor (SVE)

Back 22

branchial striated muscle e.g. larynx

Front 23

General visceral motor (GVE)

Back 23

smooth muscle e.g. lacrimal gland

Front 24

General visceral afferents (GVA)

Back 24

visceral epithelium e.g. stretch R's

Front 25

Special visceral afferents (SVA)

Back 25

e.g. taste buds on tongue

Front 26

General sensory (GSA)

Back 26

e.g. skin on face or conea

Front 27

Special sensory (SSA)

Back 27

e.g. cochlea SSCs

Front 28

-Pure sensory nerve
-Carries information to brain from chemosensitive receptors located in olfactory mucosa

Back 28

Cranial Nerve I

Olfactory Nerve

Front 29

-A pure sensory nerve
-Carries information from the retina to visual cortex

Back 29

Cranial Nerve II

Optic Nerve

Front 30

-Together these nerves innervate extra-occular muscles and LPS
-These muscle blcosk derived from pre-otic somites

Back 30

Cranial nerves III, IV and V

-III innervates five muscles adn has a parasympathetic component
-IV and VI innervate one muscle each

Front 31

-Has very wide distribution in the head
-Majory sensory nerve of the head and innervates muscles of mastication and some small muscles in pharynx and ear
-Many parasympathetic nerves "Hitch a ride" with branches of ___ in order to reach their targets e.g. branches of VII
-V1, V2 and V3 are the three major branches which gnerall innverate the top, middle and bottom of face (three holes in skull)

Back 31

Cranial nerve V

Trigeninal nerve

Front 32

-Most complicated of the cranial nerves (contains four modalities)
-Innervates
>muscles of facial expression
>lacrimal gladn and nasal glands
>taste innervation of anterior 2/3rds of tongue
>tympanic membrane
-Runs with VIII initially in interal acoustic meatus

Back 32

Cranial nerve VII

Facial nerve

Front 33

Facial nerve innervation occurs from where when below the eyes?

What happens above the eyes?

Back 33

from opposite sides of head to eyes when below the eyes

Above the eyes innervation occurs from both sides

Front 34

-Sensory nerve for hearing and balance (SSA)

Back 34

Cranial nerve VIII

Vestbulocochlear

Front 35

-Contains four modalities
>Majory sensory nerve of pharynx
>Innervates some small muscles in pharynx
>Innervates carotid sinus (sensory nerve)
-Provides taste sensation to posterior 1/3rd of tongue

Back 35

Cranial nerve IX

GLossophrayngeal nerve

Front 36

-Contains four modalities
-Motor nerve to msucles of pharynx and larynx
-Major parsympathetic nerve of thorax and gut (to left colic flexure)
-Sensory nerve to tympanic membrane and dura
-Recurrent laryngeal br. of X runs tortuous course in thorax

Back 36

Cranial Nerve X

Vagus Nerve

Front 37

-Innervates ternocleidomastoid and trapezius mm. (deriviates of last two brachial arches??)
-Majory superficial nerve in posterior triangle of neck - very important clincally in neck lacerations.

Back 37

Cranial Nerve XI

Accessory nerve

Front 38

-Motor nerve to intrinsic and extrinsic mm. of tongue and hyoid muscles
-lateral to pyramids
-These muscle blocks derived from post-otic somites

Back 38

Cranial Nerve XII

Hypoglossal nerve