Cram Photography

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Photography literally means

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Drawing with light

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Photography originated from Greek words

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Phos

Graphe

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Meaning of phos

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Light

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Meaning of graphe

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Drawing or writing

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Who coined photography

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Sir John Herschel

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What year did photography was coined

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1839

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The art or process of producing images

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Photography

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The invention of photography essentially combines two distinct sciences

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-Optics

-Chemistry

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the convergence of light rays to form an image inside a camera

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Optics

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to enable that image to be captured and recorded permanently onto a photosensitive (light-sensitive) surface.

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Chemistry

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Turn simple object to a striking image

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Goal of photography

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Represent design concepts that help a photo have great visual impact; certain set of rules and conventions that serve as guides in achieving the perfect shot

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Elements of photography

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Elements of photography

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1. Composition 2. Texture 3. Depth of Field 4. Line 5. Pattern & Shapes 6. Light & Color 7. Vantage Point

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is the arrangement of objects within the frame

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Composition

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which involves dividing the rectangular frame of the photo into nine equally sized sections by using imaginary vertical lines and two imaginary horizontal lines.

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Rule of Thirds

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aligning the main objects of the scenery along the points of intersection, thus creating what is believed to be a balanced and aesthetically pleasing composition

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Symettry

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applied by aligning a subject with the guide lines and their intersection points, placing the horizon on the top or bottom line, or allowing linear features in the image to flow from section to section.

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Rule of thirds

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represents a property of an image that inspires a sense of tactility in the observer and it involved the detail surfaces of objects.

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Texture

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extremely important when attempting to capture lifelike textures making exposure choices critical.

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Capturing High Levels of Details

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the creation of a sense of three- dimensionality in a photograph; created using focus, framing and angles. (APERTURE)

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Depth of Field

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involves zooming in on particular objects so they are crisp and clear and other objects are blurry and unclear.

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Focus

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involves identifying an obvious foreground object close to the camera, with the main subject of the photograph further away.

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Framing

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This can be taken from as much as a quarter of a mile away, and is generally used as a scene- setting, establishing shot. It normally shows an EXTERIOR

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Extreme long shot/ establishing shot

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This is the most difficult to categorise precisely, but is generally one which shows the image as approximately "life" size ie corresponding to the real distance between the audience and the screen.

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Long shot

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Contains a figure from the knees/waist up.  Variations on this include the TWO SHOT (containing two figures from the waist up) and the THREE SHOT (contains 3 figures)

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Medium shot

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Contains 2 figures

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Two shot

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Contains 3 figures

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Three shot

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A medium closeup (MCU) is a shot cropped between the shoulders and the belt line. Also called a bust shot. MCU of an object (based on full size of the object)

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Bust Shot

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This shows very little background, and concentrates on either a face, or a specific detail of the subject. Everything else is just a blur in the background. This shot magnifies the object (think of how big it looks on a cinema screen) and shows the importance of things, be it words written on paper, or the expression on someone's face.

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Close up shot

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are the outlines of objects in a photograph; guide the eyes of the viewer around and throughout the picture, drawing it toward key focal points in a shot and impacting the overall atmosphere of the scenery.

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Lines

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can be used to convey a sense of rest or stability.

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Horizontal Lines

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can be used to convey many different moods, such as power, strength and growth

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Vertical Lines

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convey action and dynamism.

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Diagonal lines

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can be aesthetically pleasing and draw attention to a photograph

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Patterns and shapes

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Three aspects of pattern and shapes

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-Rythm

-Symettry

-Traingles

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where a shape is repeated in a photograph

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Rythm

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when a photograph looks like it consists of two objects that are mirror images of each other; can be subverted so the two objects are similar but not quite alike, which can be used to highlight difference and contrast.

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Symettry

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are formed within a photograph by two diagonal lines; draws the viewer into the photograph and make the photograph more interesting.

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Traingles

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the most basic elements of any photograph.

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Light and color

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Light and color is bext examined in

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Macro photography

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(extreme close-up pictures of very small objects or living organisms; art of making very large photographs)

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Macro photography

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is the position from which the photograph was taken

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Vantage point

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Point of view of the viewer of the photography

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Vantage point

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Different Vantage point

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-Low Vantage Point

-Eye Level Vantage Point

-A Vantage point above and looking down

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looking up at an object conveys dominance, power and authority

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Low Vantage Point

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Conveys neutrality and objectivity

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Eye Level Vantage point

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the object suggests vulnerability and weakness.

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A Vantage point above and looking down

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The relationship between the camera and the object being photographed (ie the ANGLE) gives emotional information to an audience, and guides their judgment about the character or object in shot. The more extreme the angle (ie the further away it is from eye left), the more symbolic and heavily-loaded the shot.

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Camera Angle

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This shows a scene from directly overhead, a very unnatural and strange angle.

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Bird's Eye View

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This shot does, however, put the audience in a godlike position, looking down on the action.

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Bird's Eye view

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„worm‟s-eye view‟, makes subjects appear larger than normal.

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Low-angle

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The lens sees the scene from a point of humility while the subject towers over the world. A photograph taken from a low angle to help establish dominance or power.

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Low Angle

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can be used to make a subject appear small or vulnerable.

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High Angle

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Commonly known as the „bird‟s-eye view‟, shots like these may be used to signal that a subject is in danger or has lost dominance in their environment. Add a dutch angle and something bad is almost certainly about to happen.

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High Angle

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fairly neutral shot; the camera is positioned as though it is a human actually observing a scene, so that eg actors' heads are on a level with the focus. The camera will be placed approximately five to six feet from the ground

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Eye Level

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Types of Photography

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-Landscape Photography

-Wildlife photography

-Fashion Photography

-Portrait Photography

-PhotoJournalism

-Street Photography

-Wedding Photography

-Macro Photography

-Architectural Photography