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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Shortwave Radio |
radio signals transmitted at high frequencies that can travel great distances by skipping off of the ionosphere |
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Skip |
ability of radio waves to reflect off of the ionosphere
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Sky Waves |
radio waves that are skipped off of the ionosphere
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Clandestine Stations |
illegal or unlicensed broadcast operations frequently operated by revolutionary groups or intelligence agencies for political purposes
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Indigenous Stations |
clandestine broadcast operations functioning from inside the regions to which they transmit
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Exogenous Stations |
clandestine broadcast operations functioning from outside the regions to which they transmit |
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Pirate Broadcasters |
unlicensed or otherwise illegally operated broadcast stations |
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External Service |
in international broadcasting, a service designed by one country to counter enemy propaganda and disseminate information about itself |
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Surrogate Service |
in international broadcasting, an operation established by one country to substitute for another's own domestic service |
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Comparative Analysis (Studies) |
the study of different countries' mass media systems |
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Western Concept |
of media systems; normative theory that combines libertarianism's freedom with social responsibility's demand for public service and, where necessary, regulation |
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Public Service Remit |
limits on advertising and other public service requirements imposed on Britain's commercial broadcasters in exchange for the right to broadcast |
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D-Notice |
in Great Britain, an officially issued notice of prior restraint |
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Development Concept |
of media systems; government and media work in partnership to ensure that media assist in the planned, beneficial development of the country |
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Revolutionary Concept |
normative theory describing a system where media are used in the service of revolution |
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Authoritarian System |
a national media system characterized by authoritarian control |
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Cultural Imperialism |
the invasion of an indigenous people's culture, through mass media, by outside, powerful countries |
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-Colonial Powers (UK, Britain) -Military -Traders/Business -Religious |
Who needed Global Communication access in the 1800's? |
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they needed physical connections such as transoceanic cables? |
what was the problem with telephones and telegraphs in the 1800's? |
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European colonial powers started using shortwave radio |
What happened in the early 1900's that moved global communication to the next level? |
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Shortwave |
high-frequency waves that reflect -or skip- off of the ionosphere, producing sky waves that can travel vast distances |
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-no physical connection necessary -can penetrate geo-political boundaries -inexpensive -important for 3rd world countries |
Why is radio important? (4 reasons) |
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Antigovernment (anti-regime) Radio |
what makes up a good portion of international broadcasting? |
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Indigenous Stations |
clandestine stations that operate from within a region |
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Exogenous Stations |
clandestine stations that operate from outside a region (messages of liberation to N. Korea from S. Korea) |
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Pirate Broadcasters - Commercial |
illegally operated stations broadcasted to British audiences from offshore or foreign facilities |
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External Services |
-1940: Voice of America (VOA) - to counter enemy propaganda and spread information about the US -BBC World Service - UK could improve its colonial broadcast |
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-1957: Soviet's Sputnik (first satellite ever) -1962: US - AT&T's Telestar 1 & JFK's International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT) -1982: INTELSAT's system became large; began offering TV full-time leases |
Describe a few main events regarding satellites (3 events). |
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Tommie Smith (gold medal) and John Carlos (bronze metal) raised their fists in solidarity with African Americans on live television, which served as excellent PR |
What happened at the Mexico City Olympics of 1968? |
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Many European TV networks must limit ads and increase public affairs and news in exchange for their broadcast license |
Describe an example of the Western Comparative Concept. |
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Media must assist in beneficial development of the country |
Describe the Development Comparative Concept |
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No country "officially" embraces this, but a nation's media can serve the goals of a revolution (ex. former Eastern Bloc Nations) |
Describe the Revolutionary Comparative Concept |
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Media exists to serve the government (Chinese broadcasting is a direct government subsidy, has selective introduction of foreign contents) |
Describe the Authoritarian and Communist Comparative Concept |
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Cultural Imperialism |
invasion of native cultures by powerful foreign countries through the media |
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-diminishes local media/cultural production -English language dominance -Western media alters social learning and shared memories -Money all flows to Western media |
List 4 consequences of Cultural Imperialism |
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UNESCO's MacBride Report |
1980, a study conducted to maintain national and cultural sovereignty in the face of rapid globalization of mass media |
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New World Information Order (NWIO)/New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) |
caused the US to withdraw from UNESCO, failed in the late 1980's |
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Global Village |
McLuhan's idea that new communication technologies will permit people to become involved in one another's lives - one single village |
