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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Water fluoridation |
Controlled addition of flouride to public water supply to reduce tooth decay. |
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Level recommended for water fluoridation |
0.5 to 1.5 mg/litre from WHO |
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Forms of water fluoridation used |
Sodium fluoride in powder form was first used but is expensive. Flourosilicic acid is a liquid byproduct of phosphate fertilizer manufacture, shipping can be expensive. Sodium flurosilicate is the sodium salt of flourosilicic acid in powder form and easier to ship. |
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Adequate daily flouride intake |
4mg/day for adults above 19. 0.01 mg/day for infants |
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How does water fluoridation work in caries prevention? |
Flouride secreted in saliva and plaque fluid have a topical effect. The flouride forms flourohydroxyapatite remineralised veneer over the enamel that is more acid resistant. This forms faster than normal remineralised, thus slowing down caries. Same principle in topical flourides like flourished toothpaste, mouthwash,gel,varnish. |
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Other forms of public flourodation |
Adding flouride to salt and milk. |
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Toothpaste fluoride content |
Sodium monofluorophosphate or sodium fluoride in concentration of 1000 to 1500 PPM |
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Anticalculus agents used in toothpaste |
Sodium pyrophosphate |
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Desensitizing agents in toothpaste |
10 % Strontium or potassium chloride |
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Antibacterials in toothpaste |
Triclosan |
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Size of toothpaste used in children while brushing |
Less than 3 years smear size greater than 3 years Pea size |
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When does brushing start |
As soon as the first tooth erupts and supervised brushing until the age of 7 years |
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Action of Streptococcus mutans |
Metabolizes sucrose to lactic acid ,the acidic environment is the main cause of the highly mineralized enamel breaking down and causing caried decay |
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What is dental caries |
Dental biofilm related oral disease associated with increased consumption of dietary sugar and fermentable carbohydrates. |
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Instructions to use chlorhexidine mouthwash |
Rinse 30 minutes after brushing. do not eat for 1 hour. |
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Action of chlorhexidine in the mouth |
Positively charged chlorhexidine Ion combines with negatively charged bacterial cell wall. Bacteriostatic at low concentrations bactericidal at high concentrations |
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Uses of chlorhexidine mouthwash |
Reduce buildup of plaque and improve mild gingivitis. Small beneficial action on reducing caries |
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What is dental plaque |
Biofilm or mass of bacteria that grow on surfaces of the mouth |
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Components of plaque |
90% water, 70% by weight bacteria, remaining 30% glycoproteins and polysaccharides . |
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Main bacteria present in plaque |
Streptococcus mutans, fusobacterium ,Actinobacter |
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Buildup of plaque |
Failure to regularly brush allows bacteria to multiply and build up thick layers. Early biofilm Grand positive cocci , then filaments and fusiforms , then complex rods and filamentous forms, then vibrio, spirochates and Gram Negative organisms. |
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Consequences of plaque buildup |
Gingivitis periodontitis caries |
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Detection of plaque buildup |
Disclosing agents or visual observation. |
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What is gingivitis? |
Plaque accumulation causes Gingiva to become irritated and inflamed , called gingivitis |
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What is periodontis |
Severely inflamed gingiva causes loss of connective tissue attachments from the gums to the teeth and bone this is known as periodontitis. |
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What is xylitol |
Tooth friendly non fermentable sugar alcohol. Low calorie alternative to table sugar |
