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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In what family is the rhinovirus, what is its structure and what kind of genome does it contain?
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It is in the family picorna virus and is a naked icosohedral with positive single stranded RNA
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What are the genera of picorna viruses?
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enterovirus, hepatovirus, and rhinovirus
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What are the major biological differences between rhinoviruses and enteroviruses?
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Rhinoviruses are labile at pH3, enteroviruses are stable at pH3, rhinoviruses replicate at 33C and poorly at 37C, limiting infection to the cooler upper respiratory tract.
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Which virus is considred a "cold adapted" virus and why?
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Rhinovirus because it replicates at cooler temperatures compared to most human viruses (33C);
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What are the general features of the cold syndrome?
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1) transmission by direct aerosol or hand contact route (2) incubation period of 2-3 days (3) symptoms including nasal inflammation, runny nose, headache, and cough or sore throat
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What is the major cause of the common cold in humans and what is the peak season?
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The major cause is the rhinovirus with a peak incidence in the spring and fall
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What is the most common cause of the cold in the winter? Describe it's genome and structure
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The coronavirus is a +ssRNA virus with a lipid envelope
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What are the major genera in picorna virus family?
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enterovirus, hepatovirus, and rhinovirus
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What are other viruses besides rhino and corona that can cause the common cold?
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parainfluenza, RSV, influenza, and adeno
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Why do re-infections with the same virus commonly occur?
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The acquired immunity via secretory IgA is not life long and no vaccines are available
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What sort of infections are caused by the coronavirus?
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Serious lower respiratory tract infections such as SARS
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How was the SARS virus transmitted?
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It was a zoonotic coronavirus transmitted from exotic Asian animals (civet) and passed from human to human in Asia in early 2002
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Describe the structure and genome of the adenovirus
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The adenovirus is a naked icosahedral virus with a dsDNA genome
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How is the adenovirus transmitted?
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Both respiratory and fecal-oral routes
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What is the difference between adenovirus infections of the GI tract and respiratory tract?
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Infections of the GI tract are asymptomatic but respiratory tract infections are symptomatic
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What are the main infections in which adenovirus may manifest?
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Acute respiratory disease, pneumonia, mild upper respiratory tract syndromes, pharyngoconjuctival fever, and pharyngitis/conjunctivitis
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What type of vaccine is used to prevent acute respiratory disease in military recruits?
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It is a live virus with enteric coating to prevent respiratory tract infection but allow subclinical GI tract infection of adeno types 4 and 7
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What are 4 examples of non-respiratory adenoviral syndromes?
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(1) epidemic keratoconjuctivitis (2) acute hemorrhagic cystitis (in young children) (3) gastroenteritis (in infants) (4) pediatric transplant recipients
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