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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Comprehensive Listening |
listening that focuses on understanding and interpreting non verbal aspects of a message. |
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Critical Listening |
listening that carefully evaluates a message |
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Empathetic Listening |
listening that goes beyond rationality to consider the human and human aspects of a message |
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inattention |
barrier to listening; not paying attention |
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noise |
not being able to hear speaker; barrier to listening |
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reality testing |
subjecting negative messages you send yourself to rational scrutiny |
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cognitive restructuring |
replacing negative thoughts with positive ones |
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selective relaxation |
practicing muscle controlling techniques to help you reduce physical tension by relaxing on cue |
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attitude adjustment |
shifting your focus from yourself to your listeners and message |
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visualization |
systematically picturing yourself succeeding as a speaker and practicing your speech with that image in mind |
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Logos |
appeals based on logic & evidence |
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Pathos |
appeals based on personal feelings |
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Ethos |
audience's perception of speaker's integrity, good will and dynamism |
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Parts of Speeches |
-intro -thesis statement -body -main points -design- standard way to arrange the main points of a speech -transistions -prologue -epilogue -conclusion |
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Narrative design |
develops from beginning to end thru prologue, plot, epilogue |
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comparative design |
explores the similarities and differences among things |
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spatial design |
arranges the main points of a speech as they occur in actual space, oral map |
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refutative design |
a persuasive design in which the speaker challenges other views |
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causation design |
considers the origins or consequences |
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problem-solution |
focuses attention on a problem and offers a solution for it |
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motivated sequence |
expanded version of problem |
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categorical design |
arranges the main ideas of a speech |
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understanding audience demographics |
age, gender, sociocultural background, group affiliations |
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understanding audience dynamics |
beliefs, attitudes, values and motives that shape listening behaviors |
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speaking situation |
occasion for speaking as well as the physical and psychological settings |
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Audience awareness |
knowing your audience: beliefs, thoughts, age, gender, sociocultural backgournd |
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Function of critiques |
should provide the speaker with honest but tactful feedback on a presentation. Helpful and supportive, emphasizing strengths as well as weakness |
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Key-word outline |
abbreviated version of a formal outline used in presenting a speech. Focuses on cues and points of emphasis |
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Formal Outlines |
represents the final complete and polished plan of your speech |
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Working outlines |
a tentative plan that allows you to see the structure of a message as your develop it |
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Structure of a speech |
-Thesis Statement -Main point --subpoints ---sub points of sub points --Main Point 2 -sub points ---subpoints subpoints --Main point 3 --sub points Conclusion |
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Thesis statement- |
summarizes a simple declarative sentence that is the central idea of your speeech |
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ways to establish ethos and find support for your topic |
facts, research, datas, establishing and competence |
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sequential design |
explains the steps of a process in which they should be taken |
