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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a protective tact?
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Emphasis on the individual;
EXAMPLE: YOU choose great movies, but I choose THIS one |
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What is the interpretive approach for culture?
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Try to understand thesignificance and meaning of culture
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What is the critical approach?
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Goal is to critique existing cultural practices and customs
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What is the scientific approach to culture?
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The goal is to predict; The assumptions are that every culture has laws for how to function and behave
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What are the three theories of cognitive dissonance?
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1. Self Consistency
2. Personal responsibility 3. Self Affirmation a. Denial b. Forgetfulness c. Trivialization |
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What is J.A.D.E.?
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Admission: Accepts the accusation with 2 STRATEGIES; Admit and apologize: "I'm sorry it won't ever happen again." Admit and defiance: "You are wearing my shoes" -> "Yeah, but they look better on me!"
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What is the denial aspect of JADE?
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You deny the accusation
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How many excuses are there for JADE?
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Cuatro
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What is the Appeal to Accident excuse of JADE?
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Unplanned event; EXAMPLE: Your printer ran out of ink.
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What is the appeal to ignorance excuse of JADE?
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"You almost shot me!" "I didn't know the gun was loaded!"
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What is the appeal to individuality/ natural instinct excuse of JADE?
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"Why are you cranky?" "I'm not a morning person."
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What is the scapegoat excuse of JADE?
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It was someone else's fault; blame it on someone else
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What is the definition of the term "off record"?
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FTA that addresses the person without directly threatening their face. EX.:"are you going to wear THAT?"
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What is the definition of the term "on record" or "direct"?
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2 options: No tact (Bald FTA) or Supportive/ Protective Tact
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What are the five tactics of the "supportive tact"?
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1. You notice something about listener: "You're nice!" 2. You emphasize what you notice: "You're amazing!" 3. Assume or commonground 4. Seek agreement 5. You use group identity markets: "We are still friends."
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What is culture?
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It is structured: ex. rituals. It is learned. It is material. Symbolic: "artifacts:
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What is the last part of justification?
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Appeal to loyalty: You did it for a greater cause. Ex.: "Why did you provoke those people?" "Coug pride! They were huskies."
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What is an example of face & facework?
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Face: You want people to perceive you as environmentally friendly.
Facework: Your actions are that you drive an ecofriendly car. |
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What is pragmatic communication?
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Communication as patterns of interaction. 1. Wholeness: system view, not individual view. "You started it no you did" It's everyone's problem.
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What is extension to theory of dissonance (self consistency)?
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Dissonance not caused by logic but by a need to maintain positive self image.
Ex. Honors classes are hard to get into but if you do get into them then you have a strong, positive identification |
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What is control?
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Actual behavioral practices that one person uses over another person; EX: Physical force, persuasion
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What is Axiom 2 (hint: c&r)?
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Communication: content and relationship; Content: What is said, Relationship: How you say it
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Constituitive Rules:
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Define what the game is. EX: First date you -> tell about self, common interest -> fix up next date.
You explain what you do on a date |
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What are regulative rules?
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Explain how you play the game; EX: wedding toast: explain relationship, stories about couple, don't mention ex's
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What is Axiom (hint: NOT)?
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One cannot NOT communicate
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What is the feedback cycle?
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Both positive and negative.
Positive: amplfication: EX. small cut -> small infection -> large disease. Negative: De-amplify: maintains stability of a system and no change. EX: You get cut -> Band Aid -> Healed |
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What is Axiom 4 (hint: Punctuation)?
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Communication depends on how the people punctuate the sentence
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What is Axiom 5 (S and C)?
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Communication is both symmetrical and complementary;
Symmetrical: "Do you want to get a pizza?" "Yes, what topping?" |
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Minimal Justification:
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When obvious justification is missing, you create your own justification. EX: Dollar experiment. Lie for $1
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What is post decision dissonance?
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After the fact reassurance. EX: You drink before the test and get an A on it and then relize that how you don't ever have to study for the tests; You assure yourself after something happens
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What is selective exposure?
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We selectively attend to information to avoid any inconsistent beliefs
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Communication is DIGITAL and AMBIGUOUS:
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Digital: Defined you know what is communicated
Ambiguous: Unclear communication |
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What is reward power?
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You have the power to give rewards to people
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What is the definition of "power"?
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The ability of one person to control another person
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What is definitional power?
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You define what another person is
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What is coercive power?
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Power to force someone to do something; EX: Bully
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What is the 1st type of power?
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Principle of least interest
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What are the six types of power?
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1. Principle of Least Interest
2. Definitional Power 3. Rewarding Power 4. Coercve Power (Bully) 5. Referent Power 6. Expert Power |
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What is one up?
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Statements that want to gain control; instructions, orders
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What is one down?
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You yield to the power. You try to stop power. By replying right away with yes or sure. You agree and approve so nobody has power. EX: "That's so interesting. Tell me more about it."
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What is one across?
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Aims to neutralize control. Incomplete sentences: Change the subject to avoid conflict
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Convergence:
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You try to change our communication to make it more similar to other persons; Includes discourse management: Choosing toics to make the speaker feel comfortable
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What is discourse management?
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Choosing topics to make the speaker feel comfortable
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What is maintenance (Part of divergence)?
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You under accomodate you use jargin so that they don't understand what you are saying
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What is over accomodation?
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Demeaning through excessive correction: "You repeat yourself 20 times to a japanese student which is insulting"
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What are 5 factors of the accomdation theory?
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1. Collectivism vs. individualism "We vs. I"
2. Negative experiences make us believe that a whole group is some way 3. Negative stereotypes not based from personal experience. 4. The cultural norms that we hold about people. EX: Homeless people. 5. High group solidarity EX: Cougs or Huskies loyalty to a certain group leads to divergence |
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What are the critiques of CAT (3 of them) ?
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1. Divergence is not always. It helps you learn differences about people. Helps reevaluate your own identity.
2. Accomodation is ambiguous. What is it? 3. You can't test the whole thing at once. |
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What are 2 ways to go from internal identity to external identity? (P&P)
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1. Psychological: Starts in head (internal) then leads you to perform external. EX: You have an attitude and it leads you to engage in certain behavior.
2. Pragmatic (Cultural): Performance (external) leads to internal beliefs about ourself. EX: You joke ->People laugh -> Now you think you're funny, keep joking |
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3 ways to go from identity to face:
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1. It is socially recognized
EX: athlete 2. It is available Not available: Vampire, gladiator 3. Vested info in maintaining face |
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2 Dimensions of FACE:
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1. Supportive: You wan to be a part of a group; Need to belong to interdependence. EX: You want to be seen as a coug, so you wear cougar gear.
2. Protective face: Your need to stand out and be different |
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Types of Accounts (JADE):
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Justification
Admission Denial Excuse |
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JADE: Justification: Denial of Injury
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Justification: Accept accusation but minimalize it.
1. Denial of Injury EX: "Nobody got hurt." "You were speeding." "Yeah but nobody got hurt." |
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JADE: Denial of Victim:
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The victim deserved it. You were so rude to him. Yeah, but he's rude everyone else.
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JADE: Condemning the Condemner/ Society:
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You accuse them back. Accuse society, everyone else, for problems.
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What is downward conversion?
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A boss moves down and tries to act like employees
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What is upward conversion?
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An employee tries to act like a boss
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What is identity: (2 different types)
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Identity: Individual beliefs and values
1. Private: Inner thoughts and motivations that are unobservable 2. Public: Observable actions of our identity that people see EX: I am a soccer player |
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What is face/ facework?
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Face: Is how you want to be perceived to others
Facework: The observable ations that you do to get people to see your face or perceived actions |
