Com 101 Exam 1 - Bogema

Front 1

"I" Statements

Back 1

More responsible.
I didn't finish it.
Sometimes I get angry when you...

pg 79

Front 2

Ambushing

Back 2

Listening carefully and collecting information to attack what you have said.

pg 106

Front 3

Decode

Back 3

Creating meaning of the messages sent by others


pg 9

Front 4

Defensive Listening

Back 4

Taking innocent comments as personal attacks. Ex. Teenagers who perceive parental questions about friends as snooping.
pg 107

Front 5

Distance Zones

Back 5

Intimate distance
Personal distance
Social distance
Public distance
pg 152

Front 6

Intimate distance

Back 6

0 to 18 inches



pg 152

Front 7

Personal distance

Back 7

18 inches to 4 feet



pg 152

Front 8

Social distance

Back 8

4 feet to 12 feet.



pg 153

Front 9

Public distance

Back 9

12 feet to 25 feet.



pg 154

Front 10

Empathy

Back 10

The ability to re-create another person's perspective, to experience the world from the other's point of view.

pg 50

Front 11

Three Dimensions of Empathy

Back 11

perspective taking
emotional
concern

pg 50

Front 12

Encoding

Back 12

Creating ideas into messages to transmit to others.


pg 9

Front 13

Equivocal Language

Back 13

A deliberately vague statement that can be interpreted in more than one way.
How do I look? I've never seen a dress like that before!
pg 87

Front 14

Euphemisms

Back 14

A pleasant term substituted for a more direct but potentially less pleasant one.
ex. Full figured instead of overweight

pg 86-87

Front 15

Hearing

Back 15

The process in which sound waves strike the eardrum and cause vibrations that are transmitted to the brain.
pg 103

Front 16

High Context

Back 16

Cultures that value language as a way to maintain social harmony. Ambiguous. Asian & Middle east cultures.
pg 93

Front 17

High Self Monitoring

Back 17

The process of paying close attention to one's behavior and using these observations to shape the way one behaves.
pg 17 & 75-58

Front 18

Inference

Back 18

Conclusions arrived at from an interpretation of evidence. ex. FACT: he hit a lamp post while driving down the street. INFERENCE: He was day dreaming when he hit the lamp post.
pg 85

Front 19

Interpersonal

Back 19

Communication between two people in which the parties consider one another as unique individuals rather than as objects. It is characterized by minimal use of stereotyped labels; unique, idiosyncratic social rules; and a high degree of information exchange.
pg 5, 167-168

Front 20

Intrapersonal

Back 20

Communicating with one's self. It affects almost every type of interaction


pg 4-5

Front 21

Kinesics

Back 21

The study of body movement, gesture, and posture.


pg 146-147

Front 22

Listening

Back 22

Process wherein the brain reconstructs electrochemical impulses generated by hearing into representations of the original sound and give them meaning.
pg 100-130

Front 23

Process of Listening

Back 23

Hearing, attending, understanding, responding, and remembering.


Pg 129

Front 24

Low Context

Back 24

Cultures that use language primarily to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas as clearly and logically as possible.
North Americans are Low-context.
pg 93

Front 25

Meaning

Back 25

Meanings rest in people - not words.



pg 25

Front 26

Noise

Back 26

Any forces that interfere with effective communication. Three types: Physical Noise, Physiological noise, and Environmental noise.
pg 9-10

Front 27

Nonverbal Message

Back 27

Non-verbal communication. Messages expressed through non-linguistic means. Ex. Tone of voice, sighs, screams, vocal qualities (loudness, pitch), Gestures, Movements, Appearance, Facial expressions ext.
pg 133-134

Front 28

Paralanguage

Back 28

Non-verbal, Vocal messages. Ex. Placing emphasis on certain words, loudness, pitch. Listeners tend to judge the speaker's intention from the paralanguage - even when vocal factors contradict the verbal message.
pg 147-148

Front 29

Perceived Self

Back 29

A reflection of the self-concept. The person you believe yourself to be in moments of honest self-examination. This is a private self.
pg 54

Front 30

Phonological Rules

Back 30

Rules that govern how words sound when pronounced. English is inconsistent. Ex. The farm can produce produce.
pg 70

Front 31

Presenting Self

Back 31

The way we want to appear to others. Our Public Self. Social norms often create a gap between the perceived and presenting selves.
pg 54

Front 32

Proxemics

Back 32

The study of the way people and animals use space. Japanese live in crowded quarters that most North Americans would find intolerable.
pg 152

Front 33

Pseudolistening

Back 33

An imitation of listening. One of the faulty listening behaviors. A polite facade to mask thoughts that have nothing to do with what the speaker is saying.
pg 105

Front 34

Reasons for Poor Listening

Back 34

Message overload, Rapid Thought, Psychological Noise, Physical Noise, Hearing Problems, Faulty Assumptions, Talking has more apparent advantages, Cultural Differences, and Media Influences.
pg 109-110

Front 35

Referent

Back 35

The object or event to which the term or symbol refers.

Front 36

Relative Language

Back 36

Words that gain their meaning by comparison. Ex. I'll call you "soon". Soon is relative. (probably, a few, likely)

pg 80

Front 37

Dr. Fox Hypothesis

Back 37

An apparently legitimate speaker who utters an unintelligible message will be judged competent by an audience in the speaker's area of apparent expertise.
pg 73

Front 38

Remembering

Back 38

The final step in the listening process. The act of recalling previously introduced information. Recall drops off in two phases: short - and long term.
* People remember only about 1/2 of what they hear IMMEDIATELY after hearing. After 8 hours it drops to 35%. After two months it drops to 25%
pg 104

Front 39

Residual Message

Back 39

The part of a message the receiver can recall after short and long term memory loss. (A fraction of the amount heard)

pg 104

Front 40

Selective Listening

Back 40

Listening for, and responding to only the parts of a speaker's remarks that interest them. We are all selective listeners from time to time. Ex. We tune out commercials.
pg 105

Front 41

Self-Concept

Back 41

A set or relatively stable perceptions that each of us holds about ourself. It is fundamental to understanding how we communicate.
pg 32

Front 42

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Back 42

A person's expectation of an outcome and subsequent behavior makes the outcome more likely to occur than would otherwise have been true. Two types: 1-Your own expectations influence your own behavior. 2- One person's expectations govern another's actions.
pg 39

Front 43

Self-Serving Bias

Back 43

The tendency to judge ourselves in the most generous terms possible. Ex. THEY weren't listening. vs I was given unclear instructions.
pg 45

Front 44

Sexist Language

Back 44

The use of words which describe one sex or the other but are intended to mean both sexes. Ex. MANkind. MANpower.
pg 75

Front 45

Stage Hogs

Back 45

Also called "conversational narcissists" - these people try to turn the topic of conversations to themselves instead of showing interest in the speaker. (Interruptions are a hallmark of this type of person)
pg 107

Front 46

Status

Back 46

A position or rank in relation to others. Can be created through use of Appearance (Better dressed individuals are obeyed more often), space (Employees should knock on the bosses door), and time (Low status should not keep higher status waiting).
pg 151,154,155

Front 47

Symbolic

Back 47

Communication is symbolic. Symbols are used to represent things, processes, ideas, or events in ways that make communication possible. The most significant feature of symbols is their arbitrary nature.
pg 3

Front 48

Syntactic

Back 48

Rules that govern the structure of language - the way symbols can be arranged. Ex. English words must contain at least one vowel.
pg 70-71