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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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role of immunosuppressants:
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organ transplant
bone marrow transplant autoimmune disease |
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2 systems to destroy invaders and dysregulate self while leaving normal cells intact
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innate or natural immunity
adaptive or learned |
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innate or natural immunity
--- mediated sensing and ----- mechanism |
receptor
effector |
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innate or natural immunity:
--- does not require --- low/high affinity broadly ------- |
primitive
priming low reactive |
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major cells involved in innate or natural immunity
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complement
granulocyte macrophages natural killer cells mast cells basophils |
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adaptive/learned is antigen specific/nonspecific
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specific
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which requires antigen exposure and priming:
natural/innate or adaptive/learned |
adaptive/learned
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whch has very high affinity
natural/innate or adaptive/learned |
adaptive/learned
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major cells involed in adaptive/learned
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b and t lymphocytes
cytokines and lymphokines |
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what makes antibodies
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b lymphocytes
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helper, cytolytic and regulatory cells are B or T
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T lymphocytes
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once activated by specific antigens t cells diffentiate and divide and release ---- and -----
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cytokines
lymphokines |
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immune system purpose
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to distinguish self from non-self and protect body from foreign material (antigen)
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immune cells are derived from ---- stem cells in bone marrow that produce ---- stem cells
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pleuripotent
lymphoid |
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what produce precursors to wbc
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lymphoid
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where do b lymphocytes mature
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lymphoid tissue
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when do b lymphocytes mature
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once they encounter antigen
mature into plasma cells that produce specific antibodies |
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what cells help target specific cells
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cytotoxic t cels. . .CD8
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t/f
humoral immunity is fast developing to first exposure |
f
slow. .. days |
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second exposure of humoral immunity is much more ---
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dramatic
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what's responsible for autoimmune disease
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humoral immunity
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humoral will suppress ----- to decrease action
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bone marrow
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t lymphocytes pass thru --- ------
required ---- ---- cells to recognize specific antigen: cell to cell contact |
thymus
antigen presenting |
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t lymphocytes can specifically --- antigens
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neutralize
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cellular immuntiy inital response very slow/quick
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quick
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what's the main target in transplant
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cellular immunity. .. t lymphocytes
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all t cells are
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CD3
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t cells ca form 2 types:
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helper T cells (Th)
cytotoxic T cells (Tc) |
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helper t cells are mHC class -----
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2
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which cells are CD4
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helper T cells
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cytotoxic t cells are CD---
what class of MHC |
CD8
MHC1 |
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what give CD specificity
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coreceptors
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where do helper t cells develop cd4 cells
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on surface
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mhc:
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target mechanism
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apc's
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dendritic cells
macrophages b cells (all pick up antigens and tpresent ot t cels, stimulating immune response) |
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cytotoxic cells Kill
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virus cells
tumor cells |
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apc chew up --- and place on ---
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antigen
cell |
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t/f
both lymphoid and thymus cells come from stem cells |
t
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what releases perfornins
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cytotoxic cells
(perfornins punch holes in membranes. .. causes apoptosis) |
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what can activate b cells
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helper t cells
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b cells can differentiate into -- and --- cells
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plasma
memory |
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what determine matching with organ transplant
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MHC
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panel reactive antibodies:
antibodies to --- molecules as a percentage |
HLA
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mch class 1 HLA ABC found on all --- cells
inherit --- class 1 antigens from each parent |
nucleated
2 |
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mhc class 2 HLA DP, DQ, DR found on
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b cells
macrophages monoctyes |
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mhc class 2
inherit - class 2 antigen form each parent cell |
1
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what will make PRA more sensitive
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pregnancy
blood transfusion prior transplant |
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t/f
the higher the PRA the higher the risk of rejection |
t
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cross matching:
-- and -- cell cross matching |
b
t |
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cross matching:
donor --- are incubated against recipient --- |
lymphocytes
serum |
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cross matching:
determines if recipient has ----- antibodies agains the --- antigens of the donor |
circulation
MHC |
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cross matching:
virtually eliminates --- rxns |
hyperacute
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when is the greatest risk of rejection
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w/in the first 3 months
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post surgical complication:
------- due to immunosuppression |
infection. .. pcp, virus
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post surgical complication:
acute --- ----- |
tubular necrosis
delayed graft fx |
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post surgical complication:
---tension |
hypertension. . . in heart and kidney transplant
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post surgical complication:
-- due to immunosuppression |
CA
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when does hyperacute occur
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w/in minutes
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t/f
hyperacute reversible |
f
irreversible |
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hyperacute occurs becasue of
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preforme circulating antibodies
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hyperacute:
activation of ---- -->thrombosis ---> ---- injury ------> ischemia ---> ------- --- |
complement
vascular graft loss |
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t/f
hyperacute is rare if cross-match is negative |
t
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accelerated acute rejection occurs w/in 1-4 ---
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days
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accelerated acute rejection occurs because prior --- to donor ----
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sensitization
antigens (transfusion, prior transplant) |
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accelerated acute rejection
mediated to bothe -- and -- immunity |
cellular
humoral |
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accelerated acute rejection
difficult/easy to tx |
difficult to tx
cuz have to suppress whole immune system |
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acute rejection is mainly -- cell mediated
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T
can tx easily |
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which is more difficult to tx w/ acute rejection
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humoral: B cells
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acute rejection leads to
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tubulitis
vasculitis perivascular infiltration |
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s/s of acute rejection due to
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cytokine release
(TNF, IL-1, IL-2) |
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s/s of acute rejection
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flu like symptoms
change in urine flow routine cbc/wbc needed also tissue sample needed |
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t/f
many pts have bouts of acute rejection |
t
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chronic rejection
occurs gradually over -- to --- |
months to years
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etiology of chronic rejection
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unknown
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chronic rejection can be due to
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immune and non-immune mechanisms
drug tox chronic ischemia repeated bouts of acute rejection |
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chronic rejection can lead to
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organ failure and/or death
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