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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Memory |
The acquiring and maintenance of info for later retrieval |
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Explicit (memory tests) |
Conscious recollection Specific events *Depth of processing AMNESIA is explicit memory deficit |
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Implicit (memory tests) |
Unconscious Not aware of actually encoding to memory No initial reference - usually a processing task for |
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Explicit and Implicit *problem |
These are only memory tests, not measure of cognitive theory - Amnesia - better to think about Declarative/procedural |
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Procedural memory |
Skills and procedures motor skills -supported by memory systems INDEPENDENT OF HIPPOCAMPAL SYSTEM |
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Declarative memory |
Facts, learning experiences - active process various processing systems feeding the Hippocampal system - relational - activating a memory triggers associated memories |
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4 models of memory |
Serial models (3) Parallel model |
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Atkinson-Shriffrin model (1968) [SERIAL] |
Sensory>Working> encode to Long Term memory - Depends on attention and rehearsal |
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Levels of Processing model [Serial] |
Shallow-Deep continuum Shallow = repetition (maintenance) Deep = form associations (elaborative) *more durable |
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Tulving [SERIAL] |
- LTM model |
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Parallel Distributed Processing [Parallel] |
Memory = activation of different areas *Pattern of activation Learning = strength of connections between relevant sites changes (based on computer systems) - nodes not important |
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Amnesia - which models are better? |
Serial models are most useful for studying Amnesia |
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William James: Memory is... |
Personal awareness of a past experience - episodic |
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Tulving - Episodic memory |
- Re-experience through 'Autonoetic awareness' - Concious recollection of one's personal past - Depends on semantic memory and other systems, but has its own UNIQUE SYSTEM |
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Semantic memory |
General facts, knowledge acquisition |
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Semantic - Episodic dissociation? |
are these systems independent? Tulving: Episodic and Semantic share many features but are not parallel systems *Episodic is an extension of Semantic Squire and Zola: Both Episodic and Semantic depend on Hippocampus, but are independent *Parallel systems |
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Squire and Zola |
Episodic and Semantic are independent, thus if Hippocampus is damaged, results in deficits in both types of memory (personal events and facts) - E.g HM (Anterograde Amnesia) |
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Tulving SPI model |
SPI (Serial Parallel Independent) hypothesis - encoding relies into episodic memory relies on semantic system -Episodic is dissociable from semantic * If Semantic damaged, episodic also damaged. (double dissociation) If only episodic damaged, semantic is fine (single dissociation) |
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Vargha-Khadem study (1997) |
- 3 patients who suffered early bilateral MTL injury - Small bilaterial hippocampi - intact extra-hippocampal TL -Episodic memory impaired, but Semantic was fine * Still able to acquire knowledge |
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Memory deficits of 3 patients |
- Spatial, temporal and episodic memory affected - could not be left alone * All 3 did well academically (semantic info) Intact semantic, impaired episodic = functionally dissociable * Episodic relies on hippocampal circuit -- Supports Tulving |
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V-K findings fit with what model? |
Tulving's SPI model - Episodic memory function relies on semantic memory - Semantic memory can still work when episodic is impaired. *but Tulving does not always apply |
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Amnestic patients suffer from what kind of memory deficits? |
Declarative (facts) - - esp Episodic (personal events) |
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*TULVING |
EPISODIC RELIES ON OTHER SYSTEMS BUT IS DISSOCIABLE FROM SEMANTIC |
