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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Template/Schema
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An Internal Construct, living in your brain.
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Template Matching
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Compute a match between the image you are viewing and a concept in your head.
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The Gestalt Approach
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Biases for perceiving things in particular ways, in particular, segregating figure from ground.
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Proximity
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We tend to believe nearby things go together (Gestalt)
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Similarity
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We tend to believe that similar looking things go together (Gestalt)
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Feature Extraction: Selfidge's Pandimonium model
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multilevel. At lowest level Daemon's shout at a feature they like, at higher levels they shout at combinations of features they like.
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Marr's Computational Theory
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Combines Template matching an Feature Extraction
Step1: Raw Primal sketch;what you're looking at Step2: 2.5 Dimensional Sketch-tries to encoge 3rd info, but only from the P.O.V. of the person looking at it. Step3: 3rd sketch generated form 2.5 D sketch |
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Biederman's RBC model
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Simple shapes, like cones, cylinders, and prisms can be used to construct more complex shapes
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Bottom-up processing
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Low-level visual info (edges and lines) get integrated and become a perceptual object
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top-down processing
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high-level info about what we already know to inform our low-level vision
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The word-superiority effect
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It is often easier to identify a letter in the context of a word than when it's presented individually
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Interactive Activation Model
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Neural network attempt to account for the word superiority effect
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The Constructivist View
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Perception for recognition. Our perceptions are incomplete and require us to use our previously stored knowledge to construct correct perception. Irvin Rock, Richard Gregory.
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Re-entrant Processing
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Similar to top-down processing.
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Mask
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Something you add after a stimulus is percieved that may disrupt your cognitive ability to process it.
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Gibsonian View
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Perception for action, most perception is direct. J.J Gibson, Bingham, Turvey, Todd
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Affordances
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The form of most objects suggests their use.
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Handy study
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Participants perform another task while occaisionally another object is shown to them. If the object affords something, those that form grasping cause brain activation in the occipital lobe.
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Perspective Constancy Theory
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The picture is perceived as if it were and impoverished version of a greater whole
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Dorsal visual system
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The "where it is" pathway
Gibsonian Faster than Ventral guides visually guided behavior: pointing, reaching More viewer centered |
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Ventral
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"What is it"
Constructivist Involved with recognition and identification Better at proccessing fine detail More object centered |
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Dorsal is
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Perception for Action
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Ventral is
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Perception for Recognition
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Cole and Hughs LBFS
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Suggest not only sensory conspicuity is important but also attentional conspicuity
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Proprioception
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Have a sense of where all your limbs are
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Kinesthesis
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Good sense of movement throughout your body
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Haptics
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If you close your eyes and pick up a hammer you have a sense of where it will hit.
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Broadbent's Filter/Bottleneck
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there exists a type of audio filter in our brain that selects which channel we should pay attention to from the many kinds of sounds perceived. Broadbent proposed that the filter was hypothesized between the sensory buffer and short-term store (what is now called working memory) that prevents overloading memory.
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Treisman's Feature Integration Theory
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Step 1: Find all trivial Features
Step 2:Utilize Attention to conjoin the features we can see a difference between serial and parallel processing |
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Shiffrin and Schneider
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Automatic processes have no capacity limitation( can be processed in parallel)
Require no attention Are hard to modify Have no capacity limit Controlled processes require attention Are flexible Have limit capacity |
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Consistent Mapping
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target is always a target, never a distractor
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Varied Mapping
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shows evidence of serial search, consistent mapping looks parallel
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