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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pycholinguistics |
the study of language from the perspective of psychology; the study of language behaviour and processes |
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linguistic universals |
features and characteristics that are universally true to all human languages |
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semanticity |
One of Hocketts linguistic universals, expression the fact that elements of language convey meaning |
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Arbitrariness |
ones of Hocketts linguistic universals, that the connections between linguistic units ( sounds, words) and the concepts of meanings referred to by those units. |
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flexibility of symbols |
characteristic that enables the meaning of a language symbol to be changed and enables new symbols to be added to the language |
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Naming |
The characteristic that human languages habe names and labels for all objects and concepts encountered by the speaker of the language |
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Displacement |
One of Hocketts linguistic universals, referring to the fact that language permits us to talk about times other than the immediate present, language allows us to displace ourselves in time, by talking about past, present and future |
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competence |
the internalized knowledge or language and its rules that fully fluent speakers of a language posses, uncontaminated by flaws in performance that are unacceptable |
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performance |
any observable behaviour in the context of linguistics, any behaviour related to language( speech) influenced not only by linguistic factors but also by factors related to lapses in attention, memory and so on |
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dysfluency |
erro, flaw or irregularity in spoken speech |
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linguistic intuition |
Ones subjective judgement that a sentence is or is not acceptable or correct, the basis for most theorizing in linguistics |
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Linguistics relativity hypothesis |
the hypothesis credited by Whorf, the ones language determines or at least influences strongly, what one can think about. |
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phonology |
The study of sounds of language,including how they are produced and how they are perceived |
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phoneme |
a sound or set of sounds judged to be the same by the speaker of a language. Note that because of categorical perception,we tend to judge some physically different sounds as the same and other different sounds as different, that is, belonging to a different phoneme category |
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categorical perception |
the perception of similar language sounds as being the same phoneme, despite the minor physical differences among them eg. cool and keep as both being the K ( hard c) phoneme, even though these initial sounds differ physically |
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Phonemic competence |
ones basic knowledge of the phonology of the language |
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Problem of invariance |
problem that spoken sounds are not invariant, that they change depending on what sounds precedes and follow in the word |
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co-articulation |
the simultaneous or overlapping articulation of two or more of the phonemes in a word |
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deep structure |
A deep structure is presumably the most basic and abstract level of representation of a sentence or idea |
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phrase structure |
the underlying structure of a sentence in terms of the groups of words into meaningful phrases, such as the young man ran quickly |
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syntax |
the arrangement of words as elements in a sentence to show their relationship to one another, grammatical structure, the rules governing the order of words in a sentence |
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surface structure |
the actual form of a sentence whether written or spoken, the literal string of words or sounds present in a sentence |
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ambiguos |
having more than one meaning said both words and sentences |
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parse |
to divide or separate the words in a sentence into logical or meaningful groupings |
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transformational rules |
in Chomskys transformational grammar, the syntactic rules that transform an idea into its surface structure for instance, rules that form a passive sentence or a negative sentence |
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transformational grammar |
chomskys theory of the structure of language, a combination of a phrase structure grammar and a set of transformational rules |
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semantics |
the study of meaning |
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morpheme |
the smallest unit of meaning in language |
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case grammar |
an approach in psycholinguistics in which the meaning of a sentence is determined by analyzing the semantic roles of cases played by different words, such as which word names the overall relationship and which names the agent or patient of the action. Other cases include time, location and manner |
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semantic cases |
in case grammar approach, the particular case played by a word or concept is said to be the words semantic case |
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case role |
one of the various semantic roles or functions of different words in a sentence |
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garden path sentence |
a sentence in which an early word or phrase tends to be misinterpreted and thus must be reinterpreted after the mistake is noticed |
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aphasia |
a loss of some or all of previously intact language skills, caused by brain disorder or damage - disruption of language |
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Brocas aphasia |
severe difficulties in producing spoken speech, that is, the speech is hesitant, effortful and distorted phonemically -an area toward left frontal lobe, lies adjacent to a major motor control centre in the brain - accounts for motor difficulties of aphasia, the inability to produce fluent spoken speech |
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Wernickes aphasia |
language disorder, is characterized by a serious disruption of comprehension and the use of invented words as well as semantically inappropriate substitutions - the aphasia is caused by damage in the region of the neocortex -syntactic aspects of speech are preserved - left hemisphere region - toward rear of left temporal lobe - adjacent to the auditory cortex, in the left temporal lobe. |
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conduction aphasia |
a disruption of language in which person is unable to repeat what has just been heard |
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Anomia |
a disruption of word finding or retrieval caused by a brain disorder or injury |
