Cognitive Psych Chapter 1

Front 1

cognition

Back 1

The mental processes, such as perception, attention, and memory, that are what the mind does.

Front 2

Reaction Time

Back 2

How long it takes to make a decision

Front 3

Simple reaction time

Back 3

Asking subjects to push a button as rapidly as possible when they saw a light go on

Front 4

Choice reaction time

Back 4

Measured by using two lights and asking his subjects to push the left button when they saw the left light go on and the right button when they saw the right light go on

Front 5

Structuralism

Back 5

According to structuralism, our overall experience is determined by combining basic elements of experience called sensations.

Front 6

Analytical Introspection

Back 6

A technique in which trained subjects described their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli.

- Requires extensive training because the subjects's goal was to described their experience in terms of elementary mental elements.

Front 7

Savings

Back 7

Find the "savings" time is by taking the original time to learn the task and subtracting that time by the time it took to learn the task the second time. The remaining time is the "saving" because it was the amount of time saved to learn the task again.

Front 8

Savings curve

Back 8

Plot of percent savings versus time

Front 9

Behaviorism

Back 9

Theoretical goal of behaviorism is the prediction and control of behavior.

Front 10

Classical Conditioning

Back 10

Describes how pairing one stimulus (such as the loud noise presented to Albert) with another, previously neutral stimulus (such as the rat) causes changes in the response to the neutral stimulus.

Front 11

Operant Conditioning

Back 11

Focussed on how behavior is strengthened by the presentation of a positive reinforcers, such as food or social approval ( or withdrawal of negative reinforces, such as a shock or social rejection).

Front 12

Cognitive Map

Back 12

A conception within the rat's mind of the maze's layout. Everyone has a cognitive map

Front 13

Cognitive Revolution

Back 13

A shift in psychology from the behaviorist's stimulus-response relationships to an approach whose main thrust was to understand the operation of the mind.

Front 14

Information-Processing Approach

Back 14

An approach that traces sequences of mental operations involved in cognition. Operation of the mind can be described as occurring in a number of stages.

Front 15

Artificial Intelligence

Back 15

Making a machine behave in ways that would be called intelligent if a human were so behaving.

Front 16

Logic theorist

Back 16

Logic Theorist program was able to create proofs of mathematical theorems that involve principles of logic. Was a real "thinking-machine"

Front 17

Structural models

Back 17

Are representations of a physical structure. A model can mimic the appearance of an object, as a model car or airplane represents the appearance of a rental car or airplane. A plastic model of the brain can be used to illustrate the locations of different brain structures.

Front 18

Process Models

Back 18

Represent the processes that are involved in cognitive mechanisms, with boxes usually representing specific processes and arrows indicating connections between processes.