Cog Psych Test 2C

Front 1

Averbach and Coriell Mystery study

Back 1

White background with dark letters, and vice versa.

P's learned better than dark background.

- Letter transfered to short-term memory generating a verbal or written response.

- Proves that iconic memory -> short-term memory -> long-term memory

Front 2

Martinez and Jonson

Back 2

skilled vs poor readers

Skilled readers have faster readouts

Front 3

Darwin, Turvey, Crowder - Three eared woman

Back 3

Proves echoic memory is longer than iconic

Twelve times as long

Front 4

Bugelsky and Alampay

Back 4

Used images of animals then shown ambiguous face at end.

Repeated with faces

Proved conceptually driven/top-down response knowledge of what they saw influenced perception of ambiguous object.

Front 5

Coren and Ward

Back 5

Solved the mind-body problem

Used incomplete alphabet and numbers

The objective stimulus can be different with the meaning we apply to it.

Front 6

Valins and Ray - Telling more than we can know

Back 6

Fearfulness for two groups after showing pictures was the same w/ verbal report

However, HR group got closer to snake than other group

Proves that what psychologist are interested in is not available by introspection

Front 7

Averbach and Coriell #1

Back 7

Used circle with grid - Caused erasure

Accuracy improves and erasure decreases as time passes.

Front 8

Banks and Barber

Back 8

looking for afterimages

Proves iconic traces are memories, not afterimages

Front 9

Averbach and Coriell #2 Why PR is <100%

Back 9

Used 2x12 matrix and underline cue

Lateral inhibition was the cause of the <100% result.

Proves that the limiting factor was a sensory limitation, not a memory limitation (large capacity memory)

Front 10

Template theory/ RBC/ Pandemonium

Back 10

Problem - bottom-up processes

Model used to understand object recognition (esp. pandemonium)

Front 11

Rumelhart and McClellan

Back 11

Says that process are top-down

P's are shown a disfigured letter at the end of a four letter word and are asked what word it is.

The word p's say it is isn't the word that really appears.

ie: WORR is not WORK

Proves the top-down relationship.

Front 12

In the standard stage model of human memory, response output occurs under which memory store?

Back 12

Short-term store

Front 13

The strict information processing approach to human memory made the questionable assumptions of ________ and ________ processing.

Back 13

sequential / nonoverlapping

Front 14

For right handers, __________ is processed in the left hemisphere, and __________ is processed in the right hemisphere.

Back 14

language / spatial information

Front 15

Which of these terms does NOT belong with the other three?

Back 15

Strict information processing models

Front 16

A researcher using a lexical decision task finds that judging the word “Robin” takes longer than judging the word “Office.” The most likely explanation for this effect appeals to:

Back 16

word frequency

Front 17

Conceptually Driven processing relies heavily on information we get from our environment.

Back 17

false

Front 18

In the standard stage model of information processing, environmental input flows directly to the short-term memory store.

Back 18

False

Front 19

Little evidence of parallel processing exists in modern cognitive psychology.

Back 19

false

Front 20

The thalamus is the brain structure responsible for higher-level mental processes.

Back 20

False

Front 21

Left-handed females are most likely to process language exclusively in the left hemisphere.

Back 21

False

Front 22

Cognitive psychologists almost always measure reaction time (RT) in:

Back 22

milliseconds.

Front 23

Reading which sentence below would likely produce a pronounced P600 effect?

Back 23

The teacher hoped the class to be quiet.

Front 24

“The act of taking in information and converting it to a usable mental form” is the definition of:

Back 24

encoding

Front 25

In general, the receptive and control centers for one side of the body are in opposite hemispheres of the brain. This is the principle of:

Back 25

contralaterality

Front 26

What is the correct sequence for the three layers of nerve cells in the retina (from the back of the eye forward)?

Back 26

rods and cones / bipolar cells / ganglion cells

Front 27

A key problem with the pandemonium model of pattern recognition is that it:

Back 27

ignores the influence of conceptually driven processes in pattern recognition.

Front 28

Which of the following is true about Connectionism?

Back 28

Unlike other models of pattern recognition discussed in the chapter, connectionist models can account for top-down processing.

Front 29

An inability to recognize faces is:

Back 29

prosopagnosia.

Front 30

Which term below belongs with the other three?

Back 30

- Auditory sensory memory
- Echoic memory
- Pre-categorical acoustic store

Front 31

Saccade

Back 31

A fast, sweeping movement made by the eye.

Front 32

Fixation

Back 32

A pause between eye movements.

Front 33

In Sperling’s classic study on ________ memory, the ________ report condition resulted in the best (i.e., most accurate) performance.

Back 33

iconic / partial

Front 34

In the pandemonium model, the letters of the alphabet would exist in memory as ________ demons.

Back 34

cognitive

Front 35

Biederman’s RBC model explains ________ recognition, by postulating the existence of “basic primitives” called:

Back 35

object / geons.

Front 36

Better recall of the last item in a list when list presentation is auditory rather than visual is the ________ effect.

Back 36

modality

Front 37

The brain region most usually associated with apperceptive agnosia is the:

Back 37

right hemisphere parietal lobe.

Front 38

Interference

Back 38

Forgetting due to competition from other events.

Front 39

Decay

Back 39

Forgetting due to the passage of time.

Front 40

Template

Back 40

A stored model of all categorizable patterns.

Front 41

Geon

Back 41

A simple geometric form, used as a building block for an object.

Front 42

Computational demons

Back 42

The feature analyzers in the Pandemonium model of pattern recognition.

Front 43

Data demons

Back 43

The first stage in the Pandemonium model of pattern recognition.

Front 44

Cognitive demons

Back 44

These represent different letters of the alphabet in the Pandemonium model of pattern recognition.