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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
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*Chronic Neurodegenerative autoimmune
*Acute attack of MS: Body's antibodies target & destroy oligodendrocytes, myelin, axonal membranes (This leads to nerve conduction electrical impulses malfunction) -Treatment focuses on slowing process, managing exacerbations, & managing symptoms -Common in young adults (20-40 years) Causes: unknown, genetically linked, virus, microbe Early Symptoms: Muscle weakness, visual disturbances, paresthesias, mild mood disturbances, difficulties controlling bladder Progessive Symptoms: Heat sensitivity, neuropathic pain, spasticity, change in cognitive function, alterations in balance, sexual dysfunction, slurred speech |
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Immunomodulators (Drugs)
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*Increases immune response
glatiramer acelate/Copaxone interferon beta-1a/Avonex,Rebif interferon beta-1b/Betaseron natalizumab/Tysabri |
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glatiramer acetate/Copaxone
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*Administered daily SC
*Prefilled syringes must be kept at room temp. *Decrease formation of new brain lesions AE: Discomfort, flushing chest pain, weakness, infection, pain, nausea, joint pain, anxiety, muscle stiffness |
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interferon beta-1a/Avonex, Rebif
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*Administer once per week IM or 3 times SC
Reduces MS symptoms & decreases number of lesions AE: Flulike symptoms, anxiety, discomfort @ injection site, liver toxicity |
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interferon beta-1b/Betaseron
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*Adminstered every other day SC
*Reduces severity of MS symptoms and decreases number of lesions AE: Some as interferon beta-1a |
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natalizumab/Tysabri
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* Administered once a month via IV
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is rare & potentially fatal demyelinating *Only providers w/ PML training may adminster *Most effective of MS treatment |
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prednisone/Deltasone
methylprednisone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol) |
Management of Exacerbations
*High Dose Corticosteroids |
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Parkinson Disease
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Cause: unknown. linked to insufficient Dopamine
Symptoms: Tremors, Muscle rigidity, Bradykinesia, Postural Instability |
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Dapaminergics (Drug Therapy and Drugs)
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*Increase Dopamine Levels
amantadine hydrochloride/Symmetrel bromocriptine mesylate/Parlodel carbidopa-levodopa/Sinemet, Parcopa levodopa/Larodopa pramipexole dihydrochloride/Mirapex ropinirole hydrochloride/Requip selegiline hydrochloride/Carbex, Eldepryl, Zelapar |
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amantadine hydrochloride/Symmetrel
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*Antiviral that causes release of dopamine
AE: Dizziness/light headedness, anxiety, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, dysrrthymias, heart failure |
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bromocriptine mesylate/Parlodel
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*Dopaminergic agonist that activates receptors
AE: Shock, MI, Nausea, Orthostatic Hypotension |
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carbidopa-levodopa/Sinemet, Parcopa
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Decreases breakdown of levodopa which increases effectiveness of levodopa
Parcopa can be dissolved on tongue AE: Involuntary movements, Orthostatic Hypotension, Nausea, Vomiting, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, agranulocytes, depression |
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levodopa/Larodopa
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*DRUG OF CHOICE for Parkinson
Improvement 2-3 weeks Provides dopamine replacement can cross blood-brain barrier |
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pramipexole dihydrochloride/Mirapex
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Dopamic agonist
AE: EPS, Asthenia, postural hypotension, insomnia, hallucinations, sleep attacks, constipation |
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ropinirole hydrochloride/Requip
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Dopamic agonist
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selegiline hydrochloride/Carbex, Eldepryl, Zelapar
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*Monamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI)
Inhibits enzyme that destroy levodopa & dopamine AE: Nausea, Dyskineasias, Hallucinations |
