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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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application program
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Programs help solve real-world problems
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array
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collection of components, all of the same type, ordered n dimensions (n>=1); each component’s position within that dimension
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artificial intelligence
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the study of computer systems that model and apply the intelligence of the human mind
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assignment statement
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a statement that stores the value of an expression into a variable
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back door
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A program feature that gives special and unauthorized access to a computer system to anyone who knows its exists
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bandwidth
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The number of bits or bytes that can be transmitted from one place to another in a fixed amount of time
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binary file
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a file that constrains data in a specific format, requiring a special interpretation of its bits
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binary search
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search algorithm for sorted lists that involves diving the list in half and determining, by value comparison, whether the items would be in the upper or lower half; the process is performed repeatedly list
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biometrics:
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Using human characteristics such as fingerprints, retina patterns, or voice patterns to identify users and control access
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Boolean
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a sequence of identifiers separated by compatible operators, that evaluates to true or false
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bytecode
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A standard machine language into which Java source code is compiled
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client/server model
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A distributed approach in which a client makes requests of a server and the server responds
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compiler
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A program that translates a high-level language program into machine code
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CPU scheduling
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The act of determining which process in memory is given access to the CPU so that it may execute
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cryptography
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The field of study related to encoded information
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declaration
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A statement that associates an identifier with a variable, and action, or some other entity within the language that can be given a name so that the programmer can refer to that items by name.
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denial-of-service
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an attack on a network resource that prevents authorized users from accessing the system
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digital certificate
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a representation of a sender’s authenticated public key used to minimize malicious forgeries
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digital signature
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data that is appended to a message, made from the message itself and the sender’s private key, to ensure that authenticity of the message
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directory tree
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a structure showing the nested directory organization of the file system
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disk scheduling
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the act of deciding which outstanding requests for disk I/O to satisfy first
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domain name
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The part of a hostname that specifies a specific organization or group
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download
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Receiving data on your home computer from the Internet
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dynamic-partition
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memory management technique in which memory is divided into partitions as needed to accommodate programs
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electronic-commerce
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the process of buying and selling products and services using the WWW
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encryption
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the process of converting plaintext into hypertext
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entity-relationship diagram
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a graphical representation of ER model
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expert system
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a software system based on the knowledge of human experts
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FIFO
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First In First Out “Queue
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file type
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the specific kind of information contained in a file, such as a Java Program or a Microsoft Word document
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firewall
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a gateway machine and its software that protect a network by filtering the traffic
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fixed-partition
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the memory management technique in which memory is divided into a specific number of partitions into which programs are loaded
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gateway
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a node that handles communication between its LAN and other networks
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FIFO
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First In First Out “Queue
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file type
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the specific kind of information contained in a file, such as a Java Program or a Microsoft Word document
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firewall
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a gateway machine and its software that protect a network by filtering the traffic
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fixed-partition
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the memory management technique in which memory is divided into a specific number of partitions into which programs are loaded
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gateway
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a node that handles communication between its LAN and other networks
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graph
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a data structure that consists of a set of nodes and a set of edges that relates the nodes to each other
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inference engine
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the software that processes rules to draw conclusions
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internet service provider (ISP)
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a company providing access to the Internet
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interpreter
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a program that inputs a program in a high-level language and directs the computer to perform the actions specified in each statement
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IP address
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an address made up of four numeric values separated by dots that uniquely identify a computer on the Internet
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leaf node
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a tree node that has no children
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LIFO
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Last In First Out “Stacks”
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logical address
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a reference to a stored value relative to the program making the reference
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malicious code
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a computer program that attempts to bypass appropriate authorization and/or perform unauthorized functions
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memory management
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the act of keeping track of how and where programs are loaded in main memory
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multiprogramming
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the technique of keeping multiple programs in main memory at the same time, competing for the CPU
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natural language
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Languages that human beings use to communicate such as English
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node
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the building blocks of dynamic structures, each made up of a component (the data) and a pointer (the link) to the next node
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object-oriented paradigm
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a technique for developing software in which the solution is expressed in terms of objects—self-contained entities composed of data and operations on that data that interact by sending messages to one another
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open system
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a system that is based on a common model of network architecture and an accompanying suite of protocols
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operating system
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system software that manages computer resources and provides and interface of system interaction
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packet
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a unit of data sent across a network
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page
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a fixed-size portion of a process that is stored into a memory frame
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physical
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address in actual address in the main memory device
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pop
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removing an item from the stack
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preemptive scheduling
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CPU scheduling that occurs when the operating system decides to favor another process, preempting the currently executing process
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process
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the dynamic representation of a program during execution
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proprietary system
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a system that uses technologies kept private by a particular commercial vendor
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protocol
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a set of rules that define how data is formatted and processed on a network
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pseudocode
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a mixture of English statements and control structures that can easily be translated into a programming language
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public-key cryptography
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an approach to cryptography in which each user has two related keys, one public and one private
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push
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Adding an item to the stack
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query
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a request for information submitted to a database
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queue
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An abstract data type in which items are entered at one end and removed from the other end
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relational model
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a database model in which data and the relationships among them are organized into tables
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relative
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a path that begins at the current working directory
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repeater
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a network device that strengthens and propagates a signal along a long communication line
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risk analysis
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determining the nature and likelihood of the risks to key data
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root directory
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the topmost directory, in which all others are contained
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root node
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The beginning of the tress, unique starter node
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router
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a network device that directs a packet between networks toward its final destination
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rule-based system
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a software system based on a set of if-then rules
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schema
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a specification of the logical structure of data in a database
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simulation
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developing a model of a complex system and experimenting with the model to observe the result
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smart card
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a card with an embedded memory chip used to identify users and control access
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spoofing
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an attack on a computer system in which a malicious user masquerades an authorized user
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SQL
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a comprehensive relational database language for data management and queries
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stack
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An abstract data type in which accesses are made at only one end
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strong typing
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Each variable is assigned a type, and only values of that type can be stored in the variable
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table
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a collection of database records
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text file
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a file that contains characters
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thrashing
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inefficient processing caused by constant page swapping
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time slice
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the amount of time given to each process in the round-robin CPU scheduling algorithm
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timeshare
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a system in which CPU time is shared among multiple interactive users at the same time
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upload
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sending data from your home computer to a destination on the Internet
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variable
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a location in memory, referenced by an identifier, that contains data value
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virtual machine
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the illusion created by a timesharing system that each user has a dedicated machine
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voice recognition
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using a computer to recognize the words spoken by a human
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voice synthesis
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using a computer to create the sound of human speech
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working directory
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the currently active subdirectory
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