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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is personality? |
an individuals unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits What |
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What are traits? |
a durable disposition to be heave in a particular way in a variety of situations |
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What is the psychodynamic approach? |
focuses on unconscious mental forces |
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What are the 3 components of personality according to Freud? |
Id, ego & superego |
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Id |
primitive and instinctive ; operates according to the pleasure principle |
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Ego |
decision making component; operates according to the reality principle |
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Superego |
moral component; incorporates social standards that represent right and wrong |
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What are the 7 defense mechanisms |
rationalization, repression, projection, displacement, reaction formation, regression, identification |
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rationalization |
creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior |
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repression |
keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious (most common defense mechanism) |
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projection |
blaming someone for something that you did in actuality |
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displacement |
letting emotions out on someone when you cannot let them out on the person the emotions are actually directed toward |
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reaction formation |
behaving the opposite of how you actually feel |
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regression |
reversion to immature patterns of behavior |
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identification |
when you form an alliance (imaginary/real) with the same person/group to strengthen self esteem |
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Alder’s Theory |
the foremost human drive is a striving for superiority rather than sexuality |
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What are the views of a behaviorist? |
Behaviorists focus on an individual’s response tendencies, they lack interest in personality structure |
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What are the views of a behaviorist? |
Behaviorists focus on an individual’s response tendencies, they lack interest in personality structure |
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Classical conditioning |
a neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus |
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Operant conditioning |
voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences |
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Positive reinforcement |
a response increases in frequency because it is followed by a pleasant stimulus (i.e. a reward) |
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Negative reinforcement |
a response increases in frequency because it is followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus |
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Albert Bandura’s Theory |
observational learning ; an organism’s responding is influenced by the observation of others |
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How does Bandura’s theory differs from the views of the other Behaviorists? |
Observational learning requires attention , information and memory , which involve cognition , this is the opposite of what behaviorists look at regarding behavior because cognitive is not observable |
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Self efficacy |
ones belief about one’s ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes |
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Roger’s Theory |
Self-concept ; beliefs about one’s own nature , unique qualities and typical behavior |
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Maslows Theory |
Self-actualization ; motives are organized hierarchically , healthy personality |
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Hierarchy of needs |
a systematic arrangement of needs , basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused |
