Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the typical presenting symptoms of DM?
|
3 P's
fatigue wt. loss blurred vision poor wound healing |
|
Pt's with type 1 DM may present with classic symptoms in the development of __.
|
DKA
|
|
What lab should you monitor the status of your DKA pt with?
|
anion gap
|
|
Pt's with type 2 DM may present with classic symptoms of DM and/or with the __ of diabetes.
|
complications
|
|
What are some microvascular complications of DM?
|
neuropathy
nephropathy retinopathy |
|
What are some macrovascular complications of DM?
|
CVD, PVD
|
|
What is the hallmark of PVD?
|
claudication (usually in the calf)
|
|
What causes claudication from DM?
|
DM effects on the tunica media-makes it less compliant due to increased fibroblast formation.
|
|
What are distinguishing pt. features of DM type 1?
|
-typically young age (age 14)
-sudden onset -fam hx. less common -monozygotic twins =4-% correlation |
|
What are distinguishing pt. features of DM type 2?
|
-adults >40; occas. kids and young adults
-obese -positive family history -90% correlation in monozygotic twins |
|
What are the classic symptoms of DM?
|
3 P's
weight loss fatigue poor wound healing (infections) blurred vision |
|
Type 1 DM can occur at any age but is typically before?
-20 y.o. -25 y.o. -30 y.o. |
20 y.o.
|
|
Which type of DM is familial?
type 1 type 2 |
type 2
|
|
Which type of DM is classified as...complete destruction of beta cells and an autoimmune dos.
type 1 type 2 |
type 1 DM
|
|
Which type of DM is classified as....insulin resistance, insulin secretory defect (late) and increased glucagon?
type 1 type 2 |
type 2
|
|
Which type of DM develops or is diagnosed during pregnancy?
|
gestational
|
|
What does IFG stand for?
|
impaired fasting glucose
|
|
What are the lab values of IFG?
|
100-125mg/dL
|
|
A FBS of <? is consider DM?
|
> or equal to 126mg/dL
|
|
What does IGT stand for?
|
impaired glucose tolerance
|
|
A blood glucose of __-__mg/dL is considered IGT.
|
140-199mg/dL
|
|
A 2 hour OGTT with results of >200 means...what?
|
diabetes
|
|
glucose
|
only use serum glucose
|
|
The ADA recommends the following approach to screening for diabetes....
|
-every 3 years after age 45
-earlier and >freq in high risk populations (a.a., native amer.) |
|
Name some diabetes risk factors........
|
family hx
obesity physically inactive ethnicity (aa, na) gestational DM macrosomia htn hyperlipidemia PCOS |
|
How many islet cells do pt's lose before they begin to show symptoms of DM?
|
90%
|
|
If a lean pt presents with hyperglycemia and without a family hx of type 2 diabetes one should entertain the dx of __ regardless of the age of presentation of the dx.
|
type 1 DM
|
|
All of the following except one are included in the criteria of duel defect of type 2 diabetes, which one doesn't belong?
-dec. peripheral utilization of glucose -inc. hepatic glucose production -dec. hepatic glucose produciton |
dec. hepatic glucose production doesn't belong
|
|
Which type of anti-diabetic drug has some evidence towards prevention of beta cell destruction?
-biguanide -glitazones -sulfonylureas |
glitazones
|
|
Glucose toxicity = ?
|
inc. glucose=dec. insulin secretion + inc. insulin resistance
|
|
What rises first in type 2 dm?
-postprandial glucose -fasting blood sugar -random blood sugar |
postprandial glucose
|