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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bureaucracy |
Form of organization that operates through impersonal, uniform rules and procedures |
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What 3 principles does a bureaucracy follow? |
Hierarchal authority Job specialization Formal rules |
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Spoils system |
A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends |
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Four types of bureaucracy |
Cabinet departments- 15 executive departments created to advise the president and operate in a specific policy area Independent executive agencies- departments without cabinet status Independent regulatory agencies- independent from executive; created to regulate Government corporations- created by Congress to carry out business like activities |
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Influences on federal bureaucracy |
Executive influences Congressional influences Iron triangles Issue networks |
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Explain executive influences |
Appointing the right people, issuing executive orders, affecting the agencies budget, reorganization of the agency |
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Explain Congressional influences |
Influencing appointments, affecting the agency’s budget, holding hearings, writing legislation |
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Iron triangles |
Alliances that develop between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees |
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Issue networks |
Alliance of various interest groups who unite in order to promote a cause that influences public policy |
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Agencies in the executive office |
White House office National security council Office of management and budget Office of faith-based and community initiatives Office of national drug-control policy Office of policy development Council of economic advisers Office of US trade representative Office of administration Council on environmental quality Office of science and technology policy Office of the Vice President |
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What are the 15 executive departments |
State Treasury Defense Interior Justice Agriculture Commerce Labor Health and human services Housing and urban development Transportation Energy Education Veterans affairs Home land security |
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What is jurisdiction? What are the 3 different types |
The authority to hear a case Original- authority to hear a case for the first time Appellate- review cases from lower courts and overrule their decisions Concurrent- allows certain types of cases to be tried in federal or state courts |
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Structure of federal courts |
District courts- serve as trial courts on a federal level, original jurisdiction Court of Appeals- reviews decisions from district courts and federal administrative agencies, divided into circuit courts Supreme Court- highest court, only court created by the constitution, original and appellate jurisdiction |
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What do presidents consider when appointing justices |
Party affiliation Judicial philosophy Race, gender, religion, region Judicial experience Limitus test Acceptability |
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Writ of certiorari |
An order by a court to review a case from a lower court |
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Certificate |
A lower court asking the Supreme Court to review a case |
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Brief |
a detailed statement of the facts of the case supporting a particular decision by presenting arguments based on relevant facts |
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Majority opinion |
Majority of the justices agree on the decision and it’s reasons |
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Concurring opinion |
A justice who agrees with the majority opinion but not with its reasons |
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Dissenting opinion |
A justice(s) who disagree with the majority opinion |
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New Deal Era |
Franklin D Roosevelt proposed a plan to increase the amount of justices, which allowed him to appoint justices supportive of New Deal legislation |
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Judicial activism |
Judges should interpret the constitution to reflect current conditions and values |
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Judicial restraint |
Judges should interpret the constitution as to reflect what the framers intended and what the words literally say |
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State department |
Advises the president on foreign policy, negotiates treaties, represents the USA in international organizations |
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Treasury department |
Collects federal revenue, plays federal bills, coins money, enforced alcohol, tobacco and firearm laws |
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Defense department |
Manages armed forced, operates military bases |
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Interior department |
Manages federal lands, refugees, and Native American affairs |
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Justice department |
Provides legal advice to the president, enforced federal laws, represent the US in Supreme Court, operates federal prisons |
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Agriculture department |
Provides agricultural assistance to farmers and ranchers, inspects food, manages national forests |
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Commerce department |
Grants parents and trademarks, conducts the national census, promotes international trade |
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Labor department |
Enforce labor laws( child labor, wages, working conditions) administers unemployment and job training programs |
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Health and Human services department |
Administers social security and Medicare/Medicaid programs, promotes health care research, enforced pure food and drug laws |
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Housing and urban development department |
Provides home financing and public housing programs, enforced fair housing laws |
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Transportation department |
Promotes mass transit programs and programs for highways, railroads, air traffic, enforced maritime law |
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Energy department |
Promotes development and conservation of fossil fuels, nuclear energy, research programs |
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Education department |
Administers federal aid programs to schools, engaged in educational research |
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Veteran affairs department |
Promotes the welfare of veterans of the armed forces |
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Home land security department |
Prevents terrorist attacks within the United States, reduces America’s susceptibility to terrorism, minimized damage and helps recovery from attacks that do occur |
