Cis 310 Exam 3

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Business Intelligence, BI

Back 1

The processing of operational and other data to create information that exposes patterns, relationships, and trends of importance to the organization

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BI analysis

Back 2

The process of creating business intelligence

Front 3

Four fundamental categories of BI analysis

Back 3

1. Reporting

2. Data Mining

3. BigData

4. Knowledge management

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BigData

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A term used to describe data collections that are characterized by huge VOLUME, rapid VELOCITY, and great VARIETY

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Cluster analysis

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An unsupervised data mining technique whereby statistical techniques are used to identify groups of entities that have similar techniques

Ex. Finding groups of similar customers in data about customer orders + demographics

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Confidence

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The probability estimate that two items will be purchased together

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Data acquisition

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In BI systems, the process of obtaining, cleaning, organizing, relating, and cataloging source data

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Data mart

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A data collection, smaller than a data warehouse,
that addresses the needs of a particular department or functional area of a business.

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Data mining

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The application of statistical techniques to find
patterns and relationships among data for classification and prediction.

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Data warehouse

Back 10

A facility for managing an organization’s BI
data.

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Decision support systems

Back 11

BI systems that are defined as supporting decision making only

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Decision tree

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A hierarchical arrangement of criteria that predict a classification or a value.

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Drill down

Back 13

With an OLAP report, to further divide the data
into more detail.

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Expert system

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Rule-based systems that encode human
knowledge in the form of if/then rules. v

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Granularity

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The level of detail in data.

Ex. Account balance--> Large granularity

Order details--> Small granularity

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If-then Rules

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Statements that specify that if a particular con-
dition exists, then a particular action should be taken.

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Knowlege Management, KM

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The process of creating value from intellectual capital and sharing that knowledge with employees, managers, suppliers, customers, and others who need it.

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Metadata

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Data that describe data

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Online analytical processing, OLAP

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A dynamic type of reporting system that provides the ability to sum, count, average, and perform other simple arithmetic operations on groups of data.

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Pull publising

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In business intelligence (BI) systems, the
mode whereby users must request BI results.

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Push publishing

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The mode whereby the BI system delivers business intelligence to users without any request from the users, according to a schedule, or as a result of an event or particular data condition.

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Regression Analysis

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A type of supervised data mining that
estimates the values of parameters in a linear equation.

Used to determine the relative influence of variables on an outcome and also to predict future values of that outcome.

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Rich Site Summary, RSS

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Uses a family of standard web feed formats to publish frequently updated information

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RSS feed

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Enable publishers to syndicate data automatically

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RSS reader

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Presents RSS feed data to users

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Three primary activities in BI processing

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Acquire Data

Perform Analysis

Publish Results

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Possible problems with source data

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Curse of dimensionality

(too much data)

Wrong granularity

Data not integrated

Dirty, inconsistent data

Missing values

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Data warehouse v. Data mart

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Data mart is a subset of a data warehouse

Data marts address a particular component or functional area of the business

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Basic reporting operations of BI systems

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Sorting

Filtering

Grouping

Calculating

Formatting

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Supervised v. Unsupervised data mining

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Supervised- uses a priori model to compute outcome of model; regression analysis

Unsupervised- does not start with a priori hypothesis or model; clutter analysis

Front 31

BI publishing alternatives

Back 31

Email

Web server

SharePoint

BI server

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Activity

Back 32

A business function that receives inputs and pro-
duces outputs.

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Business process management, BPM

Back 33

A cyclical process
for systematically creating, assessing, and altering business
processes.

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Brook's Law

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Adding more people to a late project makes the project later.

A larger staff requires increased coordination
The only people who can train the new employees are the existing team members, who are thus taken off productive tasks.

The costs of training new people can overwhelm the benefit of their contributions.

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Business analyst

Back 35

(1) A person who understands business strat-
egies, goals, and objectives and who helps businesses develop and manage business processes and information systems.
(2) Someone who is well versed in Porter’s models, organizational strategy, and systems alignment theory, like COBIT, and who also understands the proper role for technology.

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Business process

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A network of activities that generate value by transforming inputs into outputs.

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Cost feasibility

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An assessment of the cost of an information
system development project that compares estimated costs to the available budget.

Development + operational costs

vs. value delivered.

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Critical path

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The sequence of activities that determine the
earliest date by which the project can be completed.

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Data flow

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A BPMN symbol that documents the movement
of data among activities and repositories in a business process.

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Deliverables

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Tasks that are measurable or observable steps
in a development project.

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Gantt chart

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A chart that shows tasks, dates, dependencies,
and possibly resources.

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Maintenance

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(1) to fix the system to do what it was supposed to do in the first place
or (2) to adapt the system to a change in requirements.

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Organizational feasibility

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Whether an information system fits within an organization’s customer, culture, and legal
requirements.

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Resources

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People or information system applications that
are assigned to roles in business processes.

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Roles

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Collections of activities.

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Schedule feasibility

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Whether an information system will be
able to be developed on the timetable needed.

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Systems development life cycle, SDLC

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The classical process used to develop information systems.

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Swim-lane layout

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A process diagram layout similar to swim
lanes in a swimming pool; each role in the process is shown in its own horizontal rectangle, or lane.

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System conversion

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The process of converting business activity from the old system to the new.

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Systems analysts

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IS professionals who understand both busi-
ness and technology.

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Technical feasibility

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Whether existing information technology will be able to meet the needs of a new information
system.

Front 52

Test plan

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Groups of action and usage sequences for validating the capability of new using software.

Front 53

Work breakdown structure, WBS

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A hierarchy of the tasks required to complete a project

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Phases of system development

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1. Define system

2. Determine requirements

3. Design systems components

4. Implement system

5. Maintain system

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Stages of BPM

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Create Components

Systems Development Process

Implement Processes

Assess Results

Model Processes

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Business process modeling notation

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When to buy and install existing software package

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When budget is low and need is immediate

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Functional specifications for a system

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What the system must DO

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Implementation

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Parallel cutover-more costly, less risky

Direct cutover

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Chief Information Officer

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The title of the principal manager of the IS department.

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Chief Technology Officer, CTO

Back 61

The head of the technology
group.

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Green computing

Back 62

Environmentally conscious computing consisting of three major components: power management, virtualization, and e-waste management.

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Outsourcing

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The process of hiring another organization to
perform a service.

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Steering committee

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A group of senior managers from a company’s major business functions that works with the
CIO to set the IS priorities and decide among major IS projects and alternatives.

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Functions + Organizations of IS dept

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Plan use of IS to accomplish org. goals

Manage outsourcing relationships

Protect information assets

Develop, operate, and maintain the org computing structure

Develop, operate, and maintain applications

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Importance of strategic alignment

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Pertains to IT planning

Difficult?

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Advantages v. Disadvantages of Outsourcing

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ADV: Management advantages, cost reduction, risk reduction

DIS: Loss of control, high long-term costs, no easy exit

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Adware

Back 68

Programs installed on the user’s computer without the user’s knowledge or permission that reside in the background and observe the user’s actions and keystrokes, modify computer activity, and report the user’s activities to sponsoring organizations.

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Authentication

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The process whereby an information system
verifies (validates) a user.

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Biometric authentication

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The use of personal physical characteristics, such as fingerprints, facial features, and retinal scans, to authenticate users.

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Cookies

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A small file that is stored on the user’s computer by a browser.

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Denial of service, DOS

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Security problem in which users are not able to access an information system;

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Encryption

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The process of transforming clear text into
coded, unintelligible text for secure storage or communication.

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Hacking

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A form of computer crime in which a person gains unauthorized access to a computer system.

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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, HIPAA

Back 75

The privacy provisions of this 1996 act give in-
dividuals the right to access health data created by doctors and other health-care providers,
and limits who can read and receive a person’s health information.

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Honey pot

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False targets for computer criminals to attack.

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Hot site

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A duplicate of the original site of the organization, with full computer systems as well as near-complete backups of user data.

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https

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An indication that a Web browser is using the SSL/TLS protocol to provide secure communication.

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Intrusion detection system, IDS

Back 79

A computer program that senses when another computer is attempting to scan the disk or otherwise access a computer.

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Malware

Back 80

Viruses, worms, Trojan horses, spyware, and
adware.

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Payload

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The program codes of a virus that causes unwanted or hurtful actions, such as deleting programs or data, or even worse, modifying data in ways that are undetected by
the user.

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Phishing

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A technique for obtaining unauthorized data that
uses pretexting via email.

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Pretexting

Back 83

Deceiving someone over the Internet by pretend-
ing to be another person or organization.

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Safeguard

Back 84

Any action, device, procedure, technique, or
other measure that reduces a system’s vulnerability to a threat.

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Sniffing

Back 85

A technique for intercepting computer communi-
cations.

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Spoofing

Back 86

When someone pretends to be someone else with the intent of obtaining unauthorized data

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Spyware

Back 87

Programs installed on the user’s computer without the user’s knowledge or permission that reside in the background and observe the user’s actions and keystrokes, modify computer activity, and report the user’s activities to sponsoring organizations.

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Trojan horse

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Viruses that masquerade as useful programs
or files.

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Virus

Back 89

A computer program that replicates itself.

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Worm

Back 90

A virus that propagates itself using the Internet or some other computer network.

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Goal of Information Security

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Find an appropriate trade-off between the risk of loss and the cost of implementing safeguards

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Threat

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A person or organization that seeks to obtain or alter data or other IS assets illegally, without the owner’s permission and often without the owner’s knowledge.

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Vulnerability

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An opportunity for threats to gain access to
individual or organizational assets.

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Target

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The asset that is desired by a security threat.

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CCleaner

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A utility program used to clean potentially unwanted files (including temporary internet files, where malicious programs and code tend to reside) and invalid Windows Registry entries from a computer.

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Information assurance

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The set of measures intended to protect and defend information and information systems

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Access control methods

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1. Know-->username+password

2. Have-->token+IDcard+badge

3. Are-->Retinalpattern+fingerprint

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Non-repudiation

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A user cannot deny his or her actions

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Integrated Defense Strategies

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People, technology, and operations

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Confidentiality

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Only authorized recipients of data will be allowed access to private data

Front 101

Four dimensions of feasibility

Back 101

Cost

Schedule

Technical

Organizational