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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pleural fluid is important for all of these reasons
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lubricates pleural cavity. create pressure gradient. assists in inflation of lungs. compartmentalization of thorax(PICL)
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All of the following factors could produce bronchoconstriction
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cold air. asthma. epinephrine.
airborne irritants. |
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As the thoracic cavity expands, the
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intrapleural pressure falls.
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The Adam's apple is part of which laryngeal cartilage?
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thyroid
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inspirational capacity
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Breathing in as much air as possible (after normal tidal expiration) is
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The respiratory centers receive afferent input from the
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blood chemoreceptors.
B) limbic system. C) vagus nerve. |
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Which of the following is not an important factor in adjusting the amount of oxygen delivered to tissues
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carbonic anhydrase
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Hypoxia caused by inadequate gas exchange is classified
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hypoxemic hypoxia.
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Respiration
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three steps
1. pulmonary ventilation (braething 2. external resp-exchange of gases in lunga and blood 3.internalresp-cellular res - exchange in cap and tissue |
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upper resp system
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nose ,phanx,
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lower resp system
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larynx,trachea,bronchi,and lungs
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Conducting portion
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holds 150 ml( breath in -500ml, out 350 ml)
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respiratory portion
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tissues in lings, holds 5-6 liter 02
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Nose
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warms air, olfactory stimuli, modifys speech.
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nASAL CONCHEA
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three shelves-superior ,inferior , middle meatus. increses surface area-prevent dehy by trap h20 in exhalation
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Superior conchea
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lies olfactory receptors
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Pharynx
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starts at internal nares thro cricoid, passageway, has tonsils, chamber for speach
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pharynx regions
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nasopharynx-nose,has pharyngeal tonsil, oropharnx-passageway,palatine and lingual, laryngpharnx- hyoid to larynx(voicebox)resp and digest pathway
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Larynx
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Voicebox, 9 peices of cartilage,tyroid has apple, connects larynpharnx to trachea
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Voice production
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larynx has 2 pairs of folds inferior (true or vocal) and superior(vestibular or false, up pressure =louder,
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trachea
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windpipe
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Bronchi
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primary bronchi-secondary bronchi-tertiary bronchi-bronchioles
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lungs
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outer layer-paratial pleura. inner-visceral. inbetween- pleuralcavity-has fluid
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Pleuritis
pleural effusion |
inflamatio of pleural membrane
excess fluid buildup |
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Terminary bronchiole
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terminal-respitory bronchioles-alveolar ducts
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Alveoli
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Cells= type 1-gas exchange, type 2- secrete alveolar fluid( includes surfactant- allows lung to expand and contract)
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o2 and co2 exchange
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takes place through respitory membrane 4 layers
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Inspiration
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just before pressure in lungs and atmosper is equal-760 mm, lungs increse in volume-pressure drops(boyles law) ,air flows from higher to lower pressure
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diagrahm
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contraction causes it to flatten
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Surfactant
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lower surface tension to keep lung inflated( decreases tendency to collapse ,28 week for infant causes resp distress syndrome
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expiration
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passive(no muscle), elastic recoil of chest wall and lungs
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Boyles law
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inverse relation with pressure and volume, lungs increase with volume= pressure drops- 1-3 mm, exercise can drop it to 100 mm
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Lung volumes
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70% of VT(350 ml) -respitory portion, 30 % (150 ml)- anatomic dead space
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Daltons law
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each gas has own pressure called pp of gas, 760 mm total, 78 %-N, 20%-O2,0.4 %-CO2
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Rate of gas ex factors
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PO2 ( higher than capill), O2 tran sport, ( factors for o2/hemoglobin= acidity, PCO2, Temp, BPG
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Respiratory center
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in mudulla, controls rhythm of resp
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Pons
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pneumotaxis- limits duration of inspir,
apneustic- prolongs inspir |
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Inhalation reflex
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CN X controlled, stretch receptors in bronchi and bronchioles
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