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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Confederate States of America
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The southern states that seceeded from the Union in order to protect the institution of slavery. It at first included South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas, but other southern states later seceeded.
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Cotton Kingdom
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this term refers to the south and their title as the world's leading producers and exporters of cotton. This fact would later intice them to attempt to gain the help of Britain and France, since these countries were their largest customers.
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Gettysburg Address
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this was the speech given by Abraham Lincoln in Gettysburg, PA, shortly after the battle of Gettysburg had ended. It reflected the Declaration's concept of equality for all and focused on the concept that the war was not just being fought to preserve the Union, but to bring true equaltiy to all citizens.
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"fire eaters"
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this term refers to a radical group of proslavery southerners who urged the formation of the Confederate States of America.
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"peculiar institution"
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this term is another term for slavery that was often used by southerners during and before the Civil War. The term peculiar identifies it with a certain region, in this case, the South.
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Robert Anderson
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the Union general who eventually surrendered to the Confederate army during the battle at Ft. Sumter.
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Winfield Scott
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the first general chosen by Lincoln to run the Union army. However, he soon retired (he was pretty old, he was old when he won victories in the Mexican American war) and was replaced by George McClellan.
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Anaconda Plan
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this was the North's plan to win the Civil War. It consisted of "squeezing" the South into submission by blockading the southern coasts, seizing control of the Mississippi, and cuttin foff supplies of food and other essential commodities to the South. It mainly focused on keeping pressure on Virginia and advancing down the Mississippi Valley
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Conscription
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Is the compulsory enrollment of people to some sort of national service, most often military service.
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Crittenden Plan
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He proposed the Crittenden Compromise—a package of six constitutional amendments and four congressional resolutions—in December 1860. Among the resolutions were a condemnation of Northern personal liberty laws and an assertion of the constitutionality of the fugitive slave law. The amendments would have restored the Missouri Compromise line and extended it to California as a line of demarcation between slave and free territories. Crittenden's other amendments would have further guaranteed that slavery would remain legal indefinitely in Washington, D. C. so long as it was legal in either Maryland or Virginia and that slaveholders would be reimbursed for runaway slaves. Also, the amendments denied Congress any power to interfere with the interstate slave trade or with slavery in the existing Southern states and made the fugitive slave law and three-fifths compromise perpetual in duration.
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Ft. Sumter
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Union attempts to resupply and reinforce the garrison were repulsed on January 9, 1861 when the first shots of the war, fired by cadets from The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, prevented the steamer Star of the West, hired to transport troops and supplies to Fort Sumter, from completing the task. After realizing that Anderson's command would run out of food by April 15, 1861, President Lincoln ordered a fleet of ships, under the command of Gustavus V. Fox, to attempt entry into Charleston Harbor and support Fort Sumter. The ships assigned were the steam sloop-of-war USS Pawnee, steam sloop-of-war USS Powhatan, transporting motorized launches and about 300 sailors (secretly removed from the Charleston fleet to join in the forced reinforcement of Fort Pickens, Pensacola, Fla.), armed screw steamer USS Pocahontas, Revenue Cutter USRC Harriet Lane, steamer Baltic transporting about 200 troops, composed of companies C and D of the 2nd U.S. Artillery, and three hired tug boats with added protection against small arms fire to be used to tow troop and supply barges directly to Fort Sumter.
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“Total War”
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Is a war in which a belligerent engages in the complete mobilization of all their available resources and population.
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Confederate Ordnance Bureau
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Ordnance Sergeant was an enlisted rank in the U.S. and Confederate armies during the American Civil War era. The Ordnance Sergeant ranks just above a First Sergeant, yet below a Quartermaster Sergeant. The rank insignia consists of three inverted chevrons with a 5-pointed star above it.On May 20, 1862, the duties of the Confederate regimental ordnance sergeants were officially spelled out by the chief of ordnance: "Duties of ordnance-sergeants. "First. To obey the direction of the division ordnance officer of the brigade ordnance officer (if the brigade is a separate command) in all relative to care and preservation of arms and duties connected therewith. "Second. To take charge of all supplies, arms, and ammunition of the regiment and make returns of the same according to "Ordnance regulations." Issues to be made on written requisitions approved by the colonel or commanding officer of the regiment; which requisitions are to be filed with his "Return of property.' "Third. To take charge of the ordnance wagon or wagons attached to each regiments, and to see that it always contains at least fifteen rounds per man of the regiment—surplus arms or accouterments to be turned over to the brigade or division ordnance officer. "Fourth. To supervise the condition of the arms of the regiment and get a detail of at least two mechanics to assist him in the necessary repairs to the arms, an account of these repairs to be kept as far as possible against each man of the regiment; repairs to be made on the order of the colonel of the regiment. "Fifth. To take charge of the arms and accouterments of the sick of the regiments in hospitals, which will be kept until the sick are sent to the general hospital, when their arms be turned over to the brigade or division depots. "Sixth. In battle it will be the duty of the ordnance-sergeants to remain with the ammunition wagons and act with the details assigned to them from the regiments, under the orders of the ordnance officer, in supplying the troops with ammunition, collecting arms of the killed and wounded, and securing captured arms and ammunition."
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Josiah Gorgas
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Was one of the few Northern-born Confederate generals and was later president of the University of Alabama. As chief of ordnance during the American Civil War, Gorgas managed to keep the Confederate armies supplied with weapons and ammunition, despite the Union blockade and even though the South had hardly any munitions industry before the war began.
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Joseph Johnson
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was a career U.S. Army officer, serving with distinction in the Mexican-American War and Seminole Wars, and was also one of the most senior general officers in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was unrelated to Albert Sidney Johnston, another high-ranking Confederate general.Johnston's effectiveness in the Civil War was undercut by tensions with Confederate President Jefferson Davis, but he also suffered from a lack of aggressiveness, and victory eluded him in every campaign he personally commanded. He was the senior Confederate commander at the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861, but the victory is usually credited to his subordinate, P.G.T. Beauregard. He defended the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, during the 1862 Peninsula Campaign, withdrawing under the pressure of a superior force under Union Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan. In his only offensive action during the campaign, he suffered a severe wound at the Battle of Seven Pines, after which he was replaced in command by Robert E. Lee. In 1863, in command of the Department of the West, he was criticized for his actions and failures in the Vicksburg Campaign.
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PT Beauregard
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was a Louisiana-born American military officer, politician, inventor, writer, civil servant, and the first prominent general of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Today he is commonly referred to as P. G. T. Beauregard, but he rarely used his first name as an adult and signed correspondence as G. T. Beauregard.
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Robert E. Lee
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Robert Edward Lee was a career military officer who is best known for having commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War.
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Ulysses S Grant
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Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th President of the United States as well as military commander during the Civil War and post-war Reconstruction periods. Under Grant's command, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military and ended the Confederate States of America.
King Cotton Diplomacy |
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King Cotton Diplomacy
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During the 1850s and the American Civil War, Cotton Diplomacy was the idea that Britain and France required cotton from the South; South Carolina exclaimed, "Cotton is King!". However, the Confederate States of America significantly overestimated the leverage that the cotton trade would give them.
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Emancipation Proclamation
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The Emancipation Proclamation is an executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War under his war powers. It proclaimed the freedom of 3.1 million of the nation's 4 million slaves, and immediately freed 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as Union armies advanced.
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Enrollment Act of March 1863
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The Enrollment Act of March 3, 1863, was legislation passed by the United States Congress during the American Civil War to provide fresh manpower for the Union Army. A form of conscription, the controversial act required the enrollment of every male citizen and those immigrants who had filed for citizenship between ages twenty and forty-five.
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Appomattox Courthouse
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The Battle of Appomattox Court House, fought on the morning of April 9, 1865, was the final engagement of Confederate States Army General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia before it surrendered to the Union Army under Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and one of the last battles of the American Civil War.
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Trent Incident (and all those involved)
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The Trent Affair, also known as the Mason and Slidell Affair, was an international diplomatic incident that occurred during the American Civil War. On November 8, 1861, the USS San Jacinto, commanded by Union Captain Charles Wilkes, intercepted the British mail packet Trent and removed, as contraband of war, two Confederate diplomats, James Mason and John Slidell. The envoys were bound for Great Britain and France to press the Confederacy’s case for diplomatic recognition by Europe.
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13th Amendment
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The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. It was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, passed by the House on January 31, 1865, and adopted on December 6, 1865. On December 18, Secretary of State William H. Seward, in a proclamation, declared it to have been adopted. It was the first of the Reconstruction Amendments.
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Braxton Bragg
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one of the worst southern generals but because he had the favor of President Davis he was allowed to keep a major command even after he demonstrated incompetence
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Stonewall Jackson
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legendary confederate general who held the line against northern assault and responded with a southern counter attack and routed the invading force, known for valley campaign
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Manassas (Bull Run)
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Union troops led by McDowell and Confederate forces led by Jackson met in Manassas Junction, VA, where the south prevailed and humiliated the North
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Monitor and Merriac
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Merriac was destroyed by Union Monitor which was the last major naval battle
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Battle of Seven Pines
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also known as the Battle of Fair Oaks or Fair Oaks Station, took place on May 31 and June 1, 1862, in Henrico County, Virginia, as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War. It was the culmination of an offensive up the Virginia Peninsula by Union Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, in which the Army of the Potomac reached the outskirts of Richmond.
Confederate General Johnston was killed and replaced by Robert E. Lee |
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Gettysburg
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was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War, it is often described as the war's turning point. Union Gen. George Gordon Meade's Army of the Potomac defeated attacks by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, ending Lee's invasion of the North
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Jefferson Davis
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Chosen to be President of Confederate States by the confederate convention, less effective than Lincoln
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George McClellan
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was a major general during the American Civil War. He organized the famous Army of the Potomac and served briefly as the general-in-chief of the Union Army. Early in the war, McClellan played an important role in raising a well-trained and organized army for the Union. Although McClellan was meticulous in his planning and preparations, these characteristics may have hampered his ability to challenge aggressive opponents in a fast-moving battlefield environment. He chronically overestimated the strength of enemy units and was reluctant to apply principles of mass, frequently leaving large portions of his army unengaged at decisive points.
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