Cholinergic Drugs

Front 1

What are the basic functions of the nervous system?

Back 1

recognizes changes in the environment, processes and integrates these changes, and reacts to changes

Front 2

division of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord

Back 2

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Front 3

division of the nervous system that consists of all nervous tissue outside the CNS including a sensory and motor division

Back 3

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Front 4

division of the nervous system that controls voluntary movements by activating skeletal muscles

Back 4

somatic nervous system

Front 5

this system is known as the "fight-or-flight"...

Back 5

sympathetic nervous system

Front 6

this system is known as the "rest-and-digest"

Back 6

parasympathetic nervous system

Front 7

What are the two basic categories of receptors of the ANS?

Back 7

cholinergic and adrenergic

Front 8

receptors mediated by the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine with subtypes nicotinic n, nicotinic m, and muscarinic (PSNS)

Back 8

cholinergic receptors

Front 9

receptors mediated by the neurotransmitter Epinephrine and Norepinephrine with subtypes alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2, and dopamine (SNS)

Back 9

adrenergic receptors

Front 10

Muscarinic agonists are also known as?

Back 10

parasympathomimetic agents and cholinergic drugs

Front 11

Muscarinic agonists prototype:

Back 11

bethanechol

Front 12

(bethanechol) Muscarinic agonists MOA:

Back 12

interacts directly with muscarinic receptors to cause body responses typical of PSNS stimulation

Front 13

(bethanechol) Muscarinic agonists contraindications:

Back 13

CV-hypotension, decreased CO

endocrine-hyperthyroidism

GI-gastric ulcers due to increase gastric acid, intestinal obstruction due to increase peristalsis, and recent bowel surgery due to increase gastric acid

GU-urinary tract obstruction and cystitis

Respiratory-asthma

Front 14

(bethanechol) Muscarinic agonists ADR:

Back 14

CV-orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia

GI-excessive salivation, increased gastric acid secretion, and diarrhea

Respiratory-increased bronchial secretions, bronchospasms

Eyes-blurred vision

Front 15

What are the symptoms of muscarinic poisoning?

Back 15

profuse salivation, excessive lacrimation, visual disturbances, bronchospasm, diarrhea, bradycardia, and hypotension

Front 16

What is the antidote/treatment for muscarinic poisoning?

Back 16

atropine-this is a parasympatholytic)

Front 17

Muscarinic antagonists are also known as?

Back 17

parasympatholyics and anticholinergic drugs

Front 18

Muscarinic antagonist prototype:

Back 18

atropine (Sal-Tropine); referred to as a belladonna alkaloid

Front 19

(Atropine) Muscarinic antagonist MOA:

Back 19

produces receptor blockade by competing with ACh for binding at the muscarinic receptors

Front 20

What are the therapeutic uses for atropine? (Muscarinic antagonist)

Back 20

eye exams surgery

bradycardia

intestinal hypertonicity and hypermotility

Front 21

(Atropine) Muscarinic antagonist contraindications:

Back 21

glaucoma and iritis

anything that would cause urinary retention

Front 22

(Atropine) Muscarinic antagonist ADR:

Mnemonic: "X NorEpinephrine U Caused Atropine Total"

Back 22

xerostomia

neared blurred vision and photophobia

elevated IOP

urinary retention

constipation

anhidrosis

tachycardia

Front 23

What are the symptoms of muscarinic antagonists overdose/'toxicity?

Back 23

dry mouth, blurred vision/photophobia, hyperthermia, CNS effects, death from resp depression

Front 24

What is the treatment for muscarinic antagonist overdose? (atropine toxicity)

Back 24

physostigmine

Front 25

How does physostigmine work? (atropine overdose antidote)

Back 25

inhibitis acetylcholinesterase

Front 26

Cholinesterase inhibitors are also known as?

Back 26

parasympathomimetics

Front 27

What are the two basic categories of cholinesterase inhibitors?

Back 27

reversible inhibitors (moderate duration of action)

irreversible inhibitors (prolonged duration of action)

Front 28

Reversible cholinesterase inhibitors prototype:

Back 28

neostigmine

Front 29

(Neostigmine) Reversible cholinesterase inhibitors MOA:

Back 29

prevents the enzyme cholinesterase from inactivating ACh

Front 30

(Neostigmine) Reversible cholinesterase inhibitors therapeutic goal:

Back 30

myasthenia gravis (MG)- autoimmune disease where body is attacking nerve endings

Front 31

(Neostigmine) Reversible cholinesterase inhibitors special notes:

Back 31

only provides symptomatic relief

dosage adjustments