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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Congenital |
Present at birth |
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If a congenital defect or disorder results from a defective gene, it's then |
Hereditary or genetic |
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A congenital disorder is considered ___if it results from maternal factors or conditions during pregnancy or childbirth |
Acquired |
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_ is the study of heredity |
Genetics |
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A__is a physical or mental abnormality resulting from a defect in genetic structure. |
Genetic disorder |
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A familial genetic gene means... |
The biological parent has the defective gene, and passes it on to the offspring |
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Examples of genetic disorders |
Neurofibromatosis, Tay-Sachs, cystic fibrosis |
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Characterized by cafe au lait spots and benign tumors. The child has neurologic, cognitive, and speech impairment. ADHD and seizures are common |
Neurofibromatosis |
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An unborn error of metabolism primarily affecting children of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. The child becomes hypotonic and loses vision. Death normally occurs before 4 years. A blood test is available to determine carriers. |
Tay-Sachs diseasedisease |
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____test is performed on amniotic fluid or serum, increased levels indicate possible neural tube or ventral wall defects. |
Alpha fetoprotein, AFP |
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_ is available for people who are seeking information about the possibility of genetic disorders in their families |
Genetic counseling |
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T or F The genetic counselor does not make decisions for people about family planning. |
true The counselor provides info and options, and the person or couple makes the decisions. |
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Genetic counseling is a form of __ that strives to prevent birth defects |
Preventive medicine |
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__are substances that the pregnant woman uses or comes into contact with! which are know to cause a wide range of fetal abnormalities. |
Teratogens |
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__is a general term that describes the wide range of physical, mental! behavioral, and/or learning disabilities known to be directly related to maternal alcohol consumption |
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) |
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_the most severe form of FASDs |
FAS fetal alcohol syndrome |
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Infants may not have all of the typical diagnostic features of FAS, but they do have some degree of functional or mental health problem
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ARND alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder
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have birth defects that involve the heart, kidneys, bones, and/or hearing
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ARBD alcohol-related birth defects
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microcephaly, retardation, growth deficiency shortened attention span are just a few characteristics of a child with___
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FAS or FASD |
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narcotic use during pregnancy can cause the child to have ___
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neonatal abstinence syndrome |
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s/s of neonatal abstinence syndrome
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irritability, tremors, hyperactive moro reflex, and poor feeding |
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withdrawal for a neonate from narcotics depends on the drug used, but typically last ___ |
from 24 to 48 hours after birth and lasting about 2wks |
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The use of __(drug) by HIV positive pregnant women and their newborns has resulted in fewer cases of pediatic HIV and the subsequent reduction of cases of AIDS. |
zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir)
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Because of their immature immunie system, infants with HIV are diagnosed with AIDs by age __.
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4 |
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What are the 2 test used to confirm HIV/AIDS |
Elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test and the Western Blot test |
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How long is zidovudine (AZT Retrovir) cont'd in the infants of women diagosed with HIV/AIDs |
one year |
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T or F Breast feeding is ok in HIV-infected mothers |
breast feeding is contraindicated |
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What are the 2 test that are used to determine degrees of intellectual impairment? |
Weschsler Intelligence Scale for children-revised and the Stanford Binet |
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___ is the numerical baseline for normal IQ
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100 |
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__results from a chromosomal abnormaility. It is also know as trisomy 21.
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Down Syndrome |
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___is the most common cause of mental retardation |
Down syndrome |
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Down syndrome in children born to mothers who are ___ |
OVER 35 and mothers who smoke during pregnancy |
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What are typical characteristics of babies with down syndrome?
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What is simian line? |
an abnormal crease stright across the palms of the hand |
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What are brushfields's spots? |
white dots on the irises of the eye |
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a genetic, sex-linked abnormaility of the x chromosome
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Fragile X syndrome |
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__ is the most common form of inherited mental retardation |
Fragile X syndrome |
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What are some of the physical characteristics of a child with Fragile X syndrome?
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Large feature-broad nose, large head, wide set eyes |
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How is Fragile X treated?
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no cure exist. treatment is symptomatic
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are assorted groups of chronic physical, cognitive, psychological, sensory, and speech impairments that are diagnosed at any time from the age of early development to 22yrs of age |
Developmental disabilities (DD) |
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_ are educational concerns |
SLDs |
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is one the most common SLD disorder where the person has difficulty with reading, spelling, or writing words. Often the person reverses letters and numbers |
dyslexia |
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is the most common child behavioral disorder. It involves a learning disability and a behavioral disorder. |
ADHD or ADD |
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ADHD is more common in ___ and tends to run in familiess. |
boys |
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The current drug of choice for ADHD pt is____ which is a CNS stimulant that affects mental, rather than motor skills.
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Ritalin (methylpheniadate HCL) |
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The __ of a child on Ritlan should measured frequently and reported immediately if failure to gain in any area.
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height and weight |
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is an inherited, neurologic disorder of unknown cause, although a chemical neurotransmitter abnormality is found. children exhibit multiple involuntary movements and uncontollable vocalizations, called tics.
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Tourette Syndrome |
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coprolalia
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utter obscenities (tourette) |
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echolalia
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repeat words of other people (tourette) |
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a group of symptoms; lifelong, complex developmental deisorders characterized by intellectual, social, and communications deficits. |
autism spectrum disorders |
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autistic savant
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autistic children that exhibit a profound ability in a certain area |
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eating nonfood items is termed
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pica |
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__is the most sever complications of lead poisoning. |
lead encephalopathy |
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some
S/S of plumbism |
blue or blue-black line on the gums near the teeth; hyperirritability; ataxia (unsteady gait); intermittent colic; nausea and vomiting |
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What test is used to diagnose plumbism?
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BLL- blood lead levels |
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is the administration of medications that bind to lead to remove it from the body
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chelation |
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BAL in Oil |
metal antagonist dimercprol given deep intramuscularly to remove lead from the body |
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a general term used to describe movement and coordination disorders in children that are the result of some form of brain damage. |
Cerebral Palsy (CP) |
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T or F Cerebral Palsy is a progressive disease |
False, It's not |
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__ in the postnatal period due to high levels of bilirubin can cause Cerebral Palsy.
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Severe Jaundice or kernicterus
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the most common CP.
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spastic cerebral palsy
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is the most common degenerative muscular disorder in children. one group of x-linked, genetically transmitted disorders affecting boys characterized by progressive atrophy of symmetrical groups of skeletal muscles
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Duchenne Muscular dystrophy |
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Duchenne Muscular dystrophy has a lack of what protein__in the muscles result in progressive wasting with gradual loss of strength and increasing muscle deformities.
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dystophin |
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s/s of duchenne muscular dystrophy
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gower's sign, gait with a waddle, child may walk on toes, gradual muscle atrophy. the child is in a wheel chair by age 11 or 12 |
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what is gower's sign |
the child gets up by pushing to an upright position, using hands to climb up the legs to standing position. |
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dysfluency
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is an interruption in the natural flow of speaking. EX stuttering |
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the term given to thoughts or ideas of sicide. |
suicidal ideation |
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an attempt at inflicting personal injury; the injury is not intended to cause death. |
suicide gesture |
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what is a nursing consideration that can be used when caring for a child with suicidal ideation or gesture
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a no suicide contract where they agree to not attempt suicide for a period of time and will contact help. |
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a lose of contact with reality. sometimes results from a dudden, severe emotional experience, or sometimes from the person's inability to adjust to the enviornment |
schizophrenia
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a term given to inhaling chemicals that produce a feeling od delirium or high
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huffing
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