Ches Area Of Responsibility I

Front 1

Needs Assessment

Back 1

The systematic identification of needs within a population and determination of the degree to which those needs are being met.

Front 2

Primary Data

Back 2

Data gathered by the health education specialist directly from or about the individual or population of interest.

Gathered by means of surveys, interviews, focus groups & direct observation

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Secondary Data

Back 3

Data that has already been collected by others that may or may not be directly gathered from the individual or population being assessed.

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Stakeholders

Back 4

May be involved in program operations as program manager, program staff, partners, funding agencies, coalition members, or those served or affected by the program/project including patients, clients, advocacy groups, & community members.

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Service Needs

Back 5

Those things health professionals believe a given population must have or be able to do in order to resolve a health problem.

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Service Demands

Back 6

Those things people say they must have or be able to do in order to resolve their health problem.

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Needs Assessment

Limitations

Back 7

Lack of time

Lack of personnel

lack of money

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6 Steps for Conducting a Needs Assessment

Back 8

1. Determine the scope of work & purpose for the needs assessment

2. gather the data

3. analyze the data

4. identify any factors linked to the health problem.

5. identify the focus for the program

6. Validate the need before continuing with the planning process.

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Epidemiological Model

Back 9

Focuses on epidemiological data (death rates, prevalence rate, birth rate, etc.)

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Public Health Model

Back 10

Attempts to quantify health problems and often uses epidemiological data.

Focuses on specific population and is mindful of limitations

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Social Model

Back 11

investigates social or political issues that influence health

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Asset Model

Back 12

Focuses on the strengths of the community, organization, or population and looks to find ways to use existing assets to improve health

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Rapid Model

Back 13

Framework that is used when time and money are lacking for a needs assessment.

Offers basic information but is lacking in detail

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Roles of the Health

Educator

Back 14

1. Being a resource person

2. Communicating information about the needs, concerns, and resources of the community.

3. identify gaps or overlaps in existing programs by communicating with stakeholders in the community.

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Quantitative Data

Back 15

Used to numerically describe what is occurring (epidemiological data)

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Qualitative Data

Back 16

usually descriptive of what is occurring or why it is occurring.

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Primary Source

Collection Methods

Back 17

1. Surveys

2. Interviews

3. Observations

4. Community forums

5. Focus groups

6. Nominal group

7. Delphi Panel
8. Self-assessments

9. Community capacity inventory

Front 18

Surveys

Back 18

Used to determine the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, behavior skills and health status of the priority population.

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Interviews

Back 19

Collected by telephone, face to face, etc.

Used to determine the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, behavior skills and health status of the priority population.

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Key Informant Interviews

Back 20

When you interview someone who has knowledge of the ability to report on the needs of a corporation, hospital, organization.

Front 21

Observations

Back 21

gather data through direct surveillance of the population.

Front 22

Community Forums

Back 22

Bring people in a particular population to discuss their perceptions of the communities health problems.

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Focus Group

Back 23

Communication among participants who are selected based on specific criteria.

can be as small as 2 people or as large as the facilitator can handle.

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Nominal Group

Back 24

Highly structured process in which a few representatives from the priority population are asked questions based on specific needs.

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Delphi Panel

Back 25

Group process that generates consensus by using a series of mailed or emailed questionnaire.

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Self-assessments

Back 26

Ask questions about health history, behavior, and screening results.

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Secondary Data Sources

Back 27

1. Federal Government Agencies

2. Morbidity/mortality rates

3. Vital records

4. Social indicators (population, employment, etc.)

5. Statistical abstract of the United States

6. Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services

7. Health Resource Service Administration

8. Social assessment programs

9. State and local agencies

10. Vital records, disease registries, etc.

11. BRFSS & YRBSS

12. Non governmental agencies

13. Hospital data

14. Existing Data

15. Literature

Front 28

Steps in Designing & Completing the Survey

Back 28

1. Planning a survey

2. Designing a survey

3. Collecting the data

4. Planning Data Analysis

5. Drawing the sample

6. Constructing the questionnaire

7. Pretesting the questionnaire

8. Revising the questionnaire

9. Administering the survey

10. Preparing the data

11. Verifying

12. Entering the data

13. Tabulating data

14. Analyzing the data

15. Recording & reporting

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Standardization of data collection

Back 29

Ensures data collection is accurate, complete, & conforms to program requirements.

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Informed Consent

Back 30

Agreement to voluntarily & willingly participate in a study based on full disclosure of what constitutes participation in study, & what the risk and benefits involved in participation are.

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Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Back 31

Composed of researchers & community members or stakeholders who review proposed research for compliance with federal regulations governing research involving human subjects.

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HIPPA

Back 32

Protects personal health information. In order for health data to be used, individual permission must be granted with some exceptions.

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Factors that Influence Behavior

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1. Behavioral (lifestyle) factors

2. Environmental factors

3. Individual factors

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Behavioral Factors

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Behaviors or actions of individuals, groups, or communities. Indicators include compliance, consumption & utilization patterns, coping, preventative actions, & self-care.

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Environmental Factors

Back 35

Determinants outside the individual that can be modified to support behavior, health, & quality of life.

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Individual Factors

Back 36

Educational, social, and cultural characteristics of the individual.

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Pre-existing attitudes or beliefs

Back 37

These pre-existing attitudes or beliefs about a health problem or behavior have a major influence on the success of the program.

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Factors to Identify During the Needs Assessment

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1. Predisposing factors

2. Enabling factors

3. Reinforcing factors

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Predisposing Factors

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Individual knowledge & affective traits.

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Enabling Factors

Back 40

Factors that make possible a change in behavior.

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Reinforcing Factors

Back 41

Feedback & encouragement resulting from a changed behavior from a significant or important other.

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Areas that Impact Health Education

Back 42

1. Social stigma associated with disease.

2. Conditions of learning environment

3. Actual physical environment

4. Current political climate

Front 43

Assets-based

Assessments

Back 43

Measures the communities capacity to solve its health problems.

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Steps to Implementing an Assets-based Assessment

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1. Identify community resources, skills, abilities, networks, strengths, talents

2. Create or strengthen the relationships between community members and community organizations

3. Mobilize the community around its strengths/resources

4. Rally the community to develop a healthy vision of the future.

5. introduce any outside resources to fill gaps.

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Resource Inventories

Back 45

Identifies gaps or needs in health education services, delivery of those services, & health education efforts being exerted.

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Analyze Assessment Findings

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1. Analyze data, primary & secondary

2. Compare data with local, state, national, or historical situation.

3. Consider the social, cultural, and political environment

4. Set priorities

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Primary Prevention

Back 47

Efforts are targeted toward healthy individuals to attempt to reduce risk for illness of injury

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Secondary Prevention

Back 48

Efforts often involve screenings to help diagnose existing disease so a person can seek treatment.

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Tertiary Prevention

Back 49

Focus on rehabilitation after a major health event or diagnosis.

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Prioritizing Health Needs

Back 50

1. Assessing the size or scope of the problem

2. Determining the effectiveness of possible interventions

3. Determining appropriateness, economics, acceptability, resources, and legality of the possible intervention