Chemistry Test #1

Front 1

What is an atom?

Back 1

1. Submicroscopic particles that make up the fundamental building blocks of matter.

Front 2

What is a molecule?

Back 2

1. Two or more atoms joined in a specific geometric arrangement.

Front 3

What is Chemistry?

Back 3

1. The science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules.

Front 4

What are scientific laws?

Back 4

1. summaries past observations and predicts future ones.
2. describe how nature behaves.

Front 5

What is atomic theory?

Back 5

1. matter is composed of small, indestructible particles called atoms.

Front 6

What is matter?

Back 6

1. Anything that takes up space and has mass.

Front 7

Crystalline solids are...

Back 7

1. atoms or molecules are arranged in patterns with long-range, repeating order.
2. Table Salt, Diamonds

Front 8

Amorphous solids are...

Back 8

1. atoms or molecules do not have long-range order.
2. Glass, plastic, charcoal

Front 9

What is a pure substance?

Back 9

1. One that is composed of only a single type of atom or molecule.

Front 10

Mixture?

Back 10

1. substance composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules that can be combined in variable proportions.

Front 11

Compound?

Back 11

1. substance composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions.

Front 12

Element?

Back 12

1. Substance that cannot be chemically broken into smaller/simpler substances.

Front 13

What is the difference between physical and chemical changes?

Back 13

1. Physical: atoms do not change identity. only change appearance or state.
2. Chemical: Atoms rearrange, transform substance.

Front 14

Physical properties include?

Back 14

1. Odor, taste, color, appearance, melting point, boiling point, density.

Front 15

Chemical properties include?

Back 15

1. Corrosiveness, flammability, acidity, toxicity...
HEAT AND COLOR CHANGE

Front 16

What is energy?

Back 16

1. The capacity to do work.

Front 17

What is kinetic energy?

Back 17

1. Energy associated with motion

Front 18

What is potential energy?

Back 18

1. Energy associated with position or composition.

Front 19

Thermal energy??

Back 19

1. Energy associated with temp of an object.

Front 20

Second principle of energy?

Back 20

1. Systems with high potential energy have a tendency to change in a way that lowers their potential energy.

Front 21

What is density?

Back 21

1. Ratio of mass to its volume.

Front 22

Intensive property?

Back 22

1. Independent of the amount of the substance.

Front 23

Extensive property?

Back 23

1. Dependent on the amount of the substance.
2. Such as mass.

Front 24

What is accuracy?

Back 24

1. how close the measured value is to the actual value.

Front 25

What is precision?

Back 25

1. how close a series of measurements are to one another or how reproducible they are.
2. Shots are all close to eachother, not necessarily on target.

Front 26

What is included in Dalton's Atomic Theory?

Back 26

1. Each element is composed of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms.
2. All atoms of given element have same mass and other properties.
3. Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds.
4. Atoms of one element cannot change into atoms of another element.

Front 27

What is the law of definite proportions?

Back 27

1. All samples of a given compound have the same properties of their constituent elements.
2. Combine in the same proportions

Front 28

What is the law of multiple proportions?

Back 28

1. When two elements form two different compounds, the masses of element B that combine with 1 g of element A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers.
2. 2.67 g/1.33 g = 2.00

Front 29

What are electrostatic forces?

Back 29

1. Attractive or repulsive forces.
2. Think magnet

Front 30

What is the nuclear theory?

Back 30

1. Most of atom's mass and all of its positive charge are contained in a small core called the nucleus.
2. Most of volume is empty space. Electrons dispersed.
3. As many electrons as there are protons in the nucleus.
4. Rutherford

Front 31

What is the AMU (atomic mass unit)?

Back 31

1. 1/12 the mass of a carbon atom containing six protons and six neutrons.
2. 1.67 X 10 -27

Front 32

What does the atomic number mean?

Back 32

1. Number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

Front 33

What is an isotope?

Back 33

1. Atoms with same numer of protons, but different number of neutrons.

Front 34

What is the mass number?

Back 34

1. Sum of the number of neutrons and number of protons.

Front 35

What are cations and anions?

Back 35

1. Cations: positively charged ions.
2. Anions: negatively charged ions.

Front 36

Are noble gases reactive or unreactive?

Back 36

1. Mostly unreactive

Front 37

Group 1A are what kinds of metals?

Back 37

1. Alkali metals, reactive metals.

Front 38

Group 2A are what kinds of metals?

Back 38

1. Alkaline earth metals, fairly reactive.

Front 39

Group 7A are called what?

Back 39

1. Halogens, very reactive nonmetals.

Front 40

Metals tend to ________ electrons to form cation, Nonmetals tend to _________ electrons to form anion.

Back 40

1. Metals - lose electrons - cation
2. Nonmetals - gain electrons - anion

Front 41

Mol equals...

Back 41

6.022 X 10^23 particles

Equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure carbon-12.

Front 42

Molar mass is equal to...

Back 42

1. Atomic mass

Front 43

What is a Coulom?

Back 43

1. Unit of electrical charge

Front 44

Who helped solidify the Law of Conservation of Matter?

Back 44

1. Lavoisier

Front 45

Who helped developed the Atomic Theory?

Back 45

1. Dalton
2. Others included: Democratis, Leucippus.

Front 46

Who helped develop the Law of Definite Proportions?

Back 46

1. Proust
2. For a given compound, elements always combine in same ratio.

Front 47

Who helped develop the Law of Multiple Proportions?

Back 47

1. Dalton

Front 48

What is the difference between hypothesis and theory?

Back 48

1. Hypothesis - tentative explanation based on observation.
2. Theory - proposed explanation based on well-established and tested hypothesis. Predicts behavior beyond observation it was based on.

Front 49

What are cathode rays? Who did the experiment and thought of Plum Model?

Back 49

1. J.J. Thomson
2. Produced when a high electrical voltage is applied between two electrodes within a partially evacuated tube.

Front 50

What was the scanning tunneling microscopy?

Back 50

1. image and move individual atoms and molecules.
2. Works by moving sharp electrode over a surface and measuring the resulting tunneling current, the electrical current that flows betwen tip of electrode and surface.
3. Invented by Binnig and Rohrer.

Front 51

What is a cathode ray tube?

Back 51

Partially evacuated tube...
1. stream of electrons produced by high electrical voltage is applied between two electrodes within a partially evacuated tube.
2. Electrons flow towards cathode.

Front 52

Electrical Charge?

Back 52

1. Fundamental property of some of the particles that compose the atom and result in attractive and repulsive forces.

Front 53

Electron?

Back 53

1. Negatively charged, low mass particle.

Front 54

Radioactivity?

Back 54

1. Emission of small energetic particles from the core of certain unstable atoms.
2. Henri Becquerel and marie Curie.

Front 55

Natural Abundance?

Back 55

1. The percentage in any natural sample of an elements atoms.... certain percent are ions with so many neutrons, etc.

Front 56

What are ions?

Back 56

1. Atoms that have lost or gained electrons to form charged particles called ions.

Front 57

What is the periodic law?

Back 57

1. When elements are arranged in order of increasing mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically.

Front 58

Metals...

Back 58

1. Lower left side and middle of table.
2. Good conductors of heat and electricity.
3. Are malleabile, ductile, siny and lose electrons when undergo chemical changes.
4. Good examples: Chromium, copper, strontium, lead.

Front 59

Non-metals....

Back 59

1. Upper right side of table.
2. Some solids, some gases.
3. Poor conductors
4. Gain electrons when undergo chemical changes.
5. Oxygen, carbon, sulfur, bromine, iodine.

Front 60

Metalloids...

Back 60

1. Lie along the zigzag diagonal line.
2. Semi-conductors (highly temp dependent) electrical conductivity.

Front 61

Main-group elements...

Back 61

1. properties tend to be based on position in table.
2. AAAAAAAA

Front 62

Transitional elements...

Back 62

1. properties less based simply on position in table.
2. BBBBBBBB

Front 63

Charge of 1 electron?

Back 63

1.602 X 10 -19

Front 64

MAss of 1 electron?

Back 64

.00091 X 10 -27

Front 65

Who developed idea of neutron?

Back 65

1. Chadwick

Front 66

Discovered Charge on electron was who?

Back 66

1. Millikan