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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Activation energy |
The minimum energy required by colliding particles to bring about a chemical reaction. |
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Addition polymers |
Unreactive polymers formed by alkenes. |
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Bond enthalpy |
The amount of energy absorbed when a bond is broken. |
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Bonding pair |
A shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond. |
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Catalyst |
A substance which alters the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy through providing an alternative energy pathway on a lower energy level, it is chemically unchanged at the end of a reaction. |
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Dative blnd |
A shared electron pair from the same atom in a covalent bond. |
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Covalent bond |
A bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. |
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Cracking |
The process of breaking up long chain hydrocarbons in crude oil into shorter ones which are more industrially useful. |
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Delocalised electrons |
Electrons not located at one particular atom - free to move between atoms in structure. |
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Stereoisomers |
Same molecular and structural formula, but atoms are arranged differently in space. |
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Electronegativity |
The tendency of an atom to gain or retain electrons. |
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Electrophilea |
Molecules and groups attracted by regions of negative charge. |
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Electrostatic attraction |
The attraction between particles of opposite charge. |
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Empirical formula |
The simplest formula of a compound, showing ratios of numbers of atoms in a molecule. |
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First ionisation energy |
The energy required to move the first electron from an atom in gaseous state. |
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Enthalpy change |
An amount of energy that is transferred during a chemical reaction at constant pressure. |
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Equilibrium |
The state reached in a reversible reaction when both reactant and product is being formed at an equal rate, so there is overall no net movement of particles. |
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Hess’ Law |
If a chemical change can occur by more than 1 route, then the overall enthalpy change for each route must be the same, provided that starting and finishing conditions are the same. |
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Homologous series |
A series of organic compounds with the same general formula, each has 1 more carbon atom in its molecule. |
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Hydrogen bonding |
Intermolecular bonding between dipoles in adjacent molecules with hydrogen bonded to a strongly electronegative element. |
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Instantaneous dipole |
A dipole that lasts for an instant. |
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Ionic bond |
A chemical bond between two irons of opposite charge. |
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Isotope |
Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers - different number of neutrons. |
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Mean bond enthalpy |
The average enthalpy change when 1 mol of bonds of the same type are broken in gaseous state under standard conditions. |
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Molecular formula |
A formula showing the number and types of atoms present in a molecule. |
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Nucleophile |
Atoms attracted to a positive charge. |
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Oxidation |
A process where a species loses electrons. |
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Oxidising agent |
An element of compound which gains electrons from a reducing agent. |
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Permanent dipole |
A molecule where one part is always slightly positive, other slightly negative. |
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Reduction |
A process where a species gains one or more elections. |
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Reducing agent |
An element or compound that loses electrons, it is oxidised. |
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Relative atomic mass |
The mass of 1 atom of an element compared to 1/12 of the mass of 1 atom of carbon-12. |
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Saturated |
An organic compound which contains single bonds between atoms and maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible. |
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Specific heat capacity |
The amount of energy in J required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1K. |
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Structural isomers |
Isomers with the same molecular formula but different structural formula. |
