Chemistry Exam

Front 1

Limiting reactant

Back 1

The substance that controls the quantity of the product that can be formed in a chemical reaction

Front 2

Mass Number

Back 2

Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus

Front 3

Define: Atom

Back 3

The smallest unit of matter. Greek meaning "invisible"

Front 4

Reactant

Back 4

Substance that is a starting material before a chemical change

Front 5

Define Avogadro's Principle

Back 5

Equal volumes of gases at room temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles

Front 6

Define Charles' Law

Back 6

Relationship between volume of a gas and its temperature; Jacques Charles

Front 7

Molecule

Back 7

Particles made up of more than one atom

Front 8

Significant Digit

Back 8

Those digits that are certain in a measurement plus the last digit, which is pressumed to be uncertain

Front 9

Neutron

Back 9

Particle of an atom with no charge "neutral"

Front 10

Define Boyle's Law

Back 10

System used to measure the volume of gas as the pressure of the gas changes.

Front 11

STP

Back 11

Abbreviation for Standard temperature and pressure

Front 12

Chemical Reaction

Back 12

Movement of atoms in matter, combining or breaking apart to produce new kinds of matter.

Front 13

Compound

Back 13

Matter that has been broken down by chemical means into more than one element. "To put with"

Front 14

Standard pressure

Back 14

Average pressure of air at sea level

Front 15

Pascal

Back 15

SI unit to measure pressure

Front 16

Law of conservation of mass

Back 16

Principle stating that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.

Front 17

Diatomic Element

Back 17

Element with molecules made of two atoms.

Front 18

Octet Rule

Back 18

Rule based on the assumption that atoms form bonds to achieve a noble gas electron configuration.

Front 19

Density

Back 19

Ratio between the mass and the volume of a substance

Front 20

Stoichiomentry

Back 20

Study of the amount of substances produced and consumed in chemical reactions

Front 21

Vacuum

Back 21

A place empty of matter

Front 22

Exothermic

Back 22

Term that indicates heat is released in a chemical reaction

Front 23

Temperature

Back 23

Measure of heat; the average kindetic energy of particles

Front 24

Gas

Back 24

Substance that takes the shape of and fills its container

Front 25

Halogen

Back 25

Group 7A of the periodic table.

Front 26

Define Avogadro's Number

Back 26

6.02x10^23 Unit used for counting atoms. Named after Italian scientist.

Front 27

Covalent Bond

Back 27

Nonionic chemical bond formed by shared electrons

Front 28

Electron

Back 28

Elementary particle with negative electric charge.

Front 29

Hydrocarbon

Back 29

Compound only containing hydrogen and carbon atoms

Front 30

Ideal Gas

Back 30

Amount of gas, volume, temperature, and pressure.

Front 31

Ion

Back 31

Particle that has an electric charge

Front 32

Isotope

Back 32

Atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons, and having different atomic masses.

Front 33

Kelvin

Back 33

Unit of measurement in the Kelvin scale; William Thomson, Lord Kelvin

Front 34

Kinetic Energy

Back 34

Energy of an object because of its motion

Front 35

Valence Electrons

Back 35

Electrons in the outermost orbitals; often involved in chemical bonding

Front 36

Mole

Back 36

Amount of a substance that contains 6.02x10^23 particles.

Front 37

Noble Gas

Back 37

Nonmetal element not generally combinable with other elements

Front 38

Period

Back 38

Family of elements on the periodic table with closely related properties

Front 39

Pressure

Back 39

Force exerted over a given area

Front 40

Product

Back 40

New substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

Front 41

Potential Energy

Back 41

Energy that an object has because of it's position