Chemistry

Front 1

What is Chemistry?

Back 1

Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and its changes, both physical and chemical.

Front 2

What is Organic Chemistry?

Back 2

The study of most carbon-containing compounds

Front 3

What are the 6 Branches of Chemistry?

Back 3

Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Theoretical Chemistry

Front 4

What is Inorganic Chemistry?

Back 4

The study of all substances not classified as organic, mainly those compounds that do not contain carbon.

Front 5

What is Physical Chemistry?

Back 5

The study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy.

Front 6

What is Analytical Chemistry?

Back 6

The identification of the components and composition of materials.

Front 7

What is Biochemistry?

Back 7

The study of substances and processes occuring in living things.

Front 8

What is Theoretical Chemistry?

Back 8

The use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds.

Front 9

What is Basic Research?

Back 9

research to increase knowledge

Front 10

What is Applied Science?

Back 10

research to solve a problem such as a new material development or new technology

Front 11

What is an atom?

Back 11

smallest unit of element

Front 12

What is an element?

Back 12

pure substance - 1 kind of atom
example: carbon

Front 13

What is a compound?

Back 13

pure substance - more than 1 kind of atom
example: water/salt

Front 14

What is a mixture?

Back 14

not a "pure substance" - more than 1 kind of atom or molecule - easily seperated

Front 15

What is a homogeneous mixture?

Back 15

uniform composition
example: cleaning solutions

Front 16

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

Back 16

varied composition
example: granite

Front 17

Physical Properties of Matter

Back 17

-Extensive: depend on amount of sample
(mass, volume, length)
-Intensive: independent on amount of sample (density, melting/boiling point, conductivity,etc.)

Front 18

Chemical Properties of Matter

Back 18

Prediction of Reactivity:
example: a) iron reacts with oxygen to form rust
b) aluminum does not react readily to form rust

Front 19

Physical Change

Back 19

-any change in physical properties
examples: change in state, dissolving, condensation, no new substance produced

Front 20

Chemical Change

Back 20

- a new substance is always produced

Front 21

Atomic Structure

Back 21

Proton - positive (+) charge
Nuetron - no charge (0) charge
Electron - negative (-) charge

Front 22

What is the charge of an electron cloud?

Back 22

Negative

Front 23

The # of protons give elements __________________ .

Back 23

identity (special characteristics)

Front 24

The Atomic # is equivalent to the # of ___________________ .

Back 24

Protons

Front 25

For stable atoms" # of protons equal __________________ .

Back 25

# of electrons

Front 26

Mass #

Back 26

Mass of 1 atom
(Protons + Nuetrons)

Front 27

What is the Periodic Chart?

Back 27

Elements arranged in rows (periods) and columns (group/family)

Front 28

Periodic Law

Back 28

Repeating patterns of properties, columns represent similar elements

Front 29

Regions of Periodic Chart

Back 29

Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids, and Noble Gases

Front 30

What is a metal?

Back 30

an element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Front 31

What is a Nonmetal?

Back 31

is an element that is poor conductor of heat and electricity

Front 32

What is a Metalliod?

Back 32

is an element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals

Front 33

What is a Noble Gas?

Back 33

A Group 18 element
example: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon

Front 34

# of naturally occuring elements

Back 34

98

Front 35

# of elements identified (nuclear)

Back 35

118

Front 36

Element Symbols to know

Back 36

Groups 1,2,17,18
Periods 1,2,3,4

Front 37

What is are Isotopes?

Back 37

Atoms of the same element which have different number of nuetrons in nucleus

Front 38

The Three Isotopes of Hydrogen

Back 38

Protium, deuterium, tritium

Front 39

Average Atomic Mass

Back 39

mass number on periodic chart is an average of all isotopes based on abundance

Front 40

Four Types of Radiation ( know symbols)

Back 40

1) Alpha Particles - least dangerous
2) Beta Particles - an electron emitted from the nucleus
3) Positron Particles - electron w/ positive charge
4) Gamma Radiation - pure energy, emitted from excited nuclei

Front 41

What is a half life?

Back 41

a time required for 1/2 the atoms of a radioactive nuclide (unstable isotope) to decay

Front 42

What is a half life?

Back 42

a time required for 1/2 the atoms of a radioactive nuclide (unstable isotope) to decay

Front 43

Half lifes can be measured in _________ and _____________.

Back 43

microseconds, billions of years

Front 44

What is a Compound?

Back 44

2 or more elements combined chemically!

Front 45

Law of Conservation of Mass

Back 45

1) Mass of reactants = Mass of products
2) no atoms are gained or lost - only rearranged into new particles having new characteristics
3) chemical equations are BALANCED to satisfy this law