Chemistry 122 Final Study Flash Cards

Front 1

Alpha Radiation

Back 1

Alpha (α) radiation consists of helium nuclei. The helium nucleus is a small particle containing two protons and two neutrons (4,2He).

Front 2

Beta Radiation

Back 2

Beta (β) radiation consists of electrons ( 0,−1e).

Front 3

Positron Emissions

Back 3

Positron emission results from the conversion of a proton in the nucleus to a neutron. The ejected positron (0,1e) is a particle that has the same mass as an electron but an opposite charge.

Front 4

K-Electron Capture

Back 4

Electron capture is the capture of an inner shell electron by a proton in the nucleus. The process emits gamma (γ) radiation and results in a proton converting to a neutron. Gamma radiation consists of high-energy electromagnetic radiation.

Front 5

Gamma Radiation

Back 5

Gamma (γ) radiation consists of high-energy radiation, and contain no particles and thus they have no mass (0,0γ}.

Front 6

Half Life Equation

Back 6

T(½) = 0.693/K

Front 7

Equation for Life of an object (Nuclear Decay).

Back 7

Ln(Nt/No) = -KT

(No) = Amount at beginning time.

(Nt) Amount at given time.

Front 8

First Element Not Found In Nature

Back 8

Technetium

Front 9

Gibbs Free Energy Equation

Back 9

∆G = ∆H-T∆S

Front 10

Gibbs Free Energy Related To emf

Back 10

∆G = -nFE°cell

n= Number of mols of electrons

F= Faradays constant

Front 11

Gibbs Free Energy Related to Keq

Back 11

∆G = -RTln(Keq)

R = Ideal Gas Constant

T = Temperature

Front 12

E°cell

Back 12

E°cell= E° cathode-E°cell anode

Front 13

E cell

Back 13

E cell = E°cell(0.0592)*log(Q)

Q = Reaction Quotient

Front 14

Molarity (M)

Back 14

Moles of solute/ Liters of Solvent

Front 15

Molality (m)

Back 15

Moles of solute/Kg of solvent

Front 16

Mass %

Back 16

(Mass of Solute/Mass of solvent)*100

Front 17

Lewis Acids

Back 17

A lewis acid is going to accept a pair of electrons.

Front 18

Lewis Base

Back 18

A lewis base is going to donate a pair of electrons.

Front 19

Acid Dissociation Constant and Periodicity

Back 19

The acid dissociation constant is generally going to increase as the charge increases and the radius decreases. So the solutions of these hydrated ions will be more acidic.

Front 20

Periodicity of Ionization Energy

Back 20

Ionization energy increases from left to right.

Ionization energy decreases from top to bottom.

Front 21

Periodicity of Electronegativity

Back 21

Electronegativity increases from left to right.

Electronegativity decreases from top to bottom.

Front 22

Periodicity of Atomic Radius

Back 22

Atomic Radius decreases from left to right.

Atomic Radius increases from top to bottom.

Front 23

Covalent Bonding

Back 23

What happens is that each atom in the bond shares an electron with the other atom to form a more stable bond. The electron is usually pulled towards the atom with the highest electronegativity.

Front 24

Ionic Radius

Back 24

Ionic radius increases as you move down a group.Ionic radius increases for the cations as you move from left to right. The ionic radius then decreases for the anions as you mover from left the right. There is a very large jump when you transition from cations to anions.

Front 25

Electroplating Equation

Back 25

Q= Z*T = n*F

Q = Charge

Z = Amps

T = Time in Seconds

n = Moles of electrons

F = Faraday's constant

Front 26

What is a Faraday?

Back 26

1 Faraday = Charge of 1 mol of electrons.

So if it tells me two faradays, just assume two electrons.

Front 27

Weight of Electroplated Metal

Back 27

W = (I*T*A)/(n*F)

W = Weight of metal electroplated

I = Current in C/s

A = Atomic weight

n = Moles of electrons

F = Faradaysconstant

Front 28

Farady's Constant

Back 28

96,485 C/mol

Front 29

Non-metal Oxides

Back 29

Non-metalic oxides are going to be acidic oxides.

Front 30

Metal Oxides

Back 30

Metallic elemental oxides are going to form basic oxides.

Front 31

Metalloids

Back 31

Metalloids are going to form amphoteric oxides. These oxides are the ones that can be both acidic and basic.

Front 32

Metallic Character

Back 32

Metallic character is generally going to increase as you move the periodic table.

Front 33

Isomers

Back 33

Isomers contain the same number of atoms of each element, but have different arrangements of their atoms in space.

Front 34

Isobars

Back 34

Isobars are atoms (nuclides) of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons.

Front 35

Allotropes

Back 35

Allotropes are different forms of the same element. Different bonding arrangements between atoms result in different structures with different chemical and physical properties. Allotropes occur only with certain elements.