Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Yeild |
Extent of conversion of reactants into products |
|
|
Closed system |
Exchanges only energy with surroundings |
|
|
Open system |
Exchanges energy and matter with surroundings |
|
|
Irreversible reaction |
Significant reaction can only occur in one direction, burning of methane |
|
|
Reversible reaction |
Significant reaction can occur in reverse direction as well as forwards due to the presence of products that are able to react with each other under suitable conditions |
|
|
Equilibrium |
When the quantity of reactants and products remain unchanged as the rate of forwards and reverse reactions are equal |
|
|
Activation energh |
Minimum energy required to break the bonds between atoms in the reactants to allow products to form and therefore a reaction to occur |
|
|
Explain equilibrium |
As the forward reaction proceeds, the amount of reactants decreases, which decreases the number of collisions occurring and therefore the rate at which products are forming decreases. At the same time, some products collide with enough energy to decompose and reform the reactants until the forwards and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate |
|
|
Dynamic equilibri |
Bonds are constantly being broken and formed within reactants and products |
|
|
Extent of reaction |
Relative amounts of products compared with reactants, as indicated by the Kc |
|
|
Rate of reactjon |
The change in concentration of a reactant or product over a period of time |
|
|
Formula for rate of reavtion |
Rate = change in conc / time |
|
|
Reaction quotient |
Qc, ratio of concentrations of products to reactants in a reversible reaction |
|
|
Equilibrium constant |
Kc, value of the ratio of concentration of products to reactants when a system is at equilibrium |
|
|
Formula for Kc |
Products/reactants |
|
|
What does the size of Kc indicate? |
The relative amount of products to reactants at equilibrium
Extent of reaction at equilibrium |
|
|
Qc>Kc |
Reaction shifts to the left to produce more reactants |
|
|
Qc |
Reaction shifts to the right to produce more products |
|
|
Qc=Kc |
Reaction at equilibrium |
|
|
Homogenous reaction |
Chemical reaction in which all species are in the same state or phase |
|
|
If one equation is the reverse of another, kc? |
Kc^-1 |
|
|
One reaction is double another, Kc? |
Kc^2 |
|
|
One reaction half another, Kc? |
Sqrt(Kc) |
|
|
EY: 10^-4 and 10^4 |
Extent of reaction significant |
|
|
EY: under 10^-4 |
Negligible reaction has occurred |
|
|
EY: over 10^4 |
Almost complete reaction has occurred |
|
|
Changing temp of endorphins reaction |
Inc: Kc value inc Dec: Kc value dec |
|
|
Changing temp of exo |
Inc: dec Kc Dec: inc Kc |
|
|
Position of equilibrium |
Relative amounts of reactants and products at equilibrium |
|
|
Position of equilibrium changed by |
- adding or removing reactant or product - changing temp -dilution - changing pressure by changing volume |
|
|
Le chateliers principle |
If an equilibrium system is subject to a change, the system will adjust to partially oppose the effect of the change |
