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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atom |
the fundamental building block of all materials; it consists of a cluster of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of electrons |
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Atomic Number |
the number of protons in a nucleus; the atomic number determines the type of atom |
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Atomic Symbol |
a short-hand notation for describing an atom; it consists of the chemical symbol, atomic number and mass number |
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Compound |
a pure substance that is made up of two or more different types of atom chemically joined |
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Crystal Lattice |
a grid like structure of atoms or ions where each particle is bonded to all it's neighbouring atoms |
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Electron |
a small, negatively charged subatomic particle; clouds of electrons surround the nucleus of an atom |
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Electron Configuration |
the number of electrons in each of the electron shells in an atom |
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Electron Shell |
part of the electron cloud; it's a layer that surrounds the nucleus and can only hold a certain number of electrons |
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Element |
a substance made up of only one type of atom |
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Isostopes |
atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in their nucleus |
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Mass Number |
the number of protons and electrons in an atom |
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Molecule |
a cluster of atoms that makes up and element or a compound |
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Neutral |
having no charge |
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Neutron |
a subatomic particle with no electric charge; it is found in the nucleus of an atom |
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Nucleus |
a cluster of neutrons and protons at the centre of an atom |
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Periodic Table |
table showing all 118 known types of atoms (elements) |
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Proton |
a positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus |
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Anion |
a negatively charged ion |
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Cation |
a positively charged ion |
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Ion |
an atom that has lost or gained electrons, and therefore has an electric charge |
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Ionic Bond |
a bond between a cation and an anion due to electrostatic attraction of their opposite charges |
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Ionic Compound |
a compound made up of cations and anions |
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Solubility |
how easily a substance dissolves |
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Allotropes |
different forms of carbon (amorphous carbon, diamond and graphite) |
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Alloy |
a mixture of a base metal and small amounts of other elements |
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Base Metal |
the main metal in an alloy |
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Brittle |
shatters if hit |
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Ductile |
able to be stretched into wires |
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Lustrous |
shines when polished or freshly cut |
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Malleable |
able to be hammered into new shapes |
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Metalloid |
and element that usually displays the properties of a non-metal but conducts electricity like a metal under certain conditions; also known as a semi-metal |
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Quenching |
a process in which a heated metal is cooled rapidly by dropping into water |
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Stainless Steel |
a rustless alloy of steel that includes chromium and nickel |
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Steel |
an alloy of iron and carbon |
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Tempering |
a process in which a metal is heated, cooled rapidly (quenched) and then reheated. |
