Chee Test Review With Teacher

Front 1

Types of Energy

Back 1

Mechanical - an object's motion or position (bowling ball).

Electromagnetic - Light energy (UV, gamma rays).

Electric - energy caused by the movement of electrons (through power lines).

Chemical - Energy available for release from chemical reactions (when match is struck).

Thermal - Heat energy.

Nuclear - Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom from fission or fusion (sun, stars).

Front 2

Where do we get our current energy?

Back 2

Oil, coal, natural gas, hydroelectric, and nuclear.

Front 3

Largest oil reserves

Back 3

Middle East

Front 4

What sector uses the most energy?

Back 4

Industrial

Front 5

Energy demand is also influenced by:

Back 5

World population development.

Front 6

Sources of renewable energy:

Back 6

Solar Thermal

Biomass

Geo Thermal

Hydroelectric

Wind

Front 7

MCL

Back 7

Maximum Contaminant Limit

Front 8

MCLG

Back 8

Maximum Contaminant Limit Goal

Front 9

How much US wastewater is reused?

Back 9

5-6%

Front 10

Acute risks

Back 10

Viruses, bacteria, parasites.

Front 11

Chronic Risks

Back 11

Metals and salts, inorganic and organic chemicals.

Front 12

TSCA

Back 12

Toxic Substance Control Act (ensure chemicals don't pose a risk to health).

Front 13

EDSP

Back 13

Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program

Front 14

CCL

Back 14

Contaminant Candidate List

Front 15

UCMR

Back 15

Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule

Front 16

Why coagulation?

Back 16

When pollutants are in colloidal form, they cannot be separated unless by coagulation.

Benefits: removal of larger particles and the precipitation of soluble compounds.

Front 17

Destabilization methods

Back 17

Repression of double layer, entrapment of colloidal particles by sweeping floc., bridging of colloidal particles.

Front 18

Characteristics of good coagulant?

Back 18

Electric charge and size.

Front 19

Florida Ocean Outfall Act

Back 19

Prohibits construction or expansion of ocean outfalls.

Front 20

Primary removal mechanisms for CECS

Back 20

separation, biological and oxidation

Front 21

Membrane processes

Back 21

Microfiltration - particle removal(not salt)

Ultrafiltration - particle and pathogen removal(not salt)

Nanofiltration - softening

Reverse Osmosis - desalination

Front 22

Coagulation VS. Flocculation

Back 22

Coagulation: colloidal particles and fine solids are destabilized so they can begin to agglomerate if appropriate.

Flocculation: destabilized particles conglomerate into larger aggregated to separate from raw water.

Front 23

Adsorption VS. Absorption

Back 23

AD - Outside (Chemical and Physical)

AB - Inside

Front 24

Colloids

Back 24

Hydrophilic - proteins

Hydrophobic - clays and metal oxides

Front 25

Water softening

Back 25

precipitative softening

reverse osmosis

Front 26

Brackish water

Back 26

salty but less salty than seawater

Front 27

Two major ways to desalinate

Back 27

thermal and membrane - roughly boiling and reverse osmosis

Front 28

Reverse VS. Forward Osmosis

Back 28

Reverse - changing the natural order by applying pressure.

Forward - way things would naturally move.

Front 29

Types of fouling

Back 29

scaling - calcium carbonate

particulate (silt) - algae

biofouling (bacteria)

organic fouling

Front 30

SWDA

Back 30

Safe Water Drinking Act - 1974

Drinking water quality

Front 31

CWA

Back 31

Clean Water Act - 1972

discharge of wastewater

Front 32

Nitrification VS. denitrification

Back 32

Nitrification - ammonia to nitrate

denitrification - nitrate to nitrogen gas

Front 33

basic components in a water treatment system

Back 33

PRIMARY: screens, SECONDARY: activated sludge /clarifier, then tertiary: filtration, disinfection

Front 34

Chemisorption

Back 34

If the adsorbate attaches to the absorbent through a chemical reaction (example – covalent bonding).

Front 35

Physisorption

Back 35

Attaches through physical attraction (example – Van Der Waals forces).

Front 36

Three Major Adsorbents

Back 36

Activated Carbon – absorbs both larger organics and smaller synthetic organic compounds.

Synthetic Polymeric Adsorbents – does not absorb large molecular weight organics (good for removing smaller organic)

Zeolites – mainly for arsenic removal

Front 37

Activated Carbon

Back 37

It is cheap, made from coal, peat and coconuts, the two major types are: Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) which removes taste and odor compounds in water, and Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) which removes trace compounds in water.

Front 38

Carbonate Hardness

Back 38

TEMPORARY – caused by the presence of dissolved bicarbonate minerals: calcium bicarbonate, calcium chloride.

Front 39

Non–Carbonate Hardness

Back 39

PERMANENT – present of calcium sulfate and/or magnesium sulfates in water, which don't precipitate out.

Front 40

Double Layer Theory

Back 40

If a colloidal particle is electrically charged it attracts ions and other colloidal particles of opposite sign.

Front 41

Interaction Forces

Back 41

Van Der Waals – always attractive.
Electrostatic – attractive or repulsive.
Short range, Nuclear, or Electronic – always repulsive.

Front 42

Common Coagulants

Back 42

Aluminum salts, ferric and ferrous salts, lime, cationic polymers, and anionic and non–ionic polymers.

Front 43

Using Al or Fe Salts as Coagulants and Dosage

Back 43

Depends on pH of water, alkalinity of water, and concentration of colloids.

Front 44

Potable Water Reuse

Back 44

Types: direct (from factory pipe to place) or indirect (through nature first) potable water reuse.

Front 45

US Public Health Service

Back 45

1914

Front 46

US EPA

Back 46

1970
90 contaminants – 52 are organic

Front 47

SDWA Standards

Back 47

Primary – recognize contaminants, determine MCLG, establish MCL.
Secondary – aesthetics: taste, color and odor, and cosmetics: skin and teeth discoloration

Front 48

Desalination

Back 48

separates dissolved minerals and impurities from seawater or salty water

Front 49

Chick Watson Law

Back 49

Between concentration of disinfectant and contact time.

100 parts/min = 100CL for 1 min or 10 CL for 10 min or 1 CL for 100 min.