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175 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Natural law |
Rules discoverable by reason, govern scientific forces such as gravity and magnetism |
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Thomas Hobbes |
17th-century English thinker, ideas were key to enlightenment, wrote a book called the "Leviathan", argued that people are naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish, he entered the people into a social contract |
English thinker |
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John Locke |
17th-century English thinker, optimistic view of human nature, believed people have natural rights, wrote a book called "Two treatises of government" |
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Social contract |
Agreement by which they gave up their freedom for an organized society |
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Natural rights |
Rights belonging to all humans from birth |
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Laissez faire |
Allowing businesses to operate with little or no government interference |
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Adam Smith |
Wrote "the wealth of Nations", argued that free market should be allowed to regulate business activity, showed how Manufacturing, trade, wages, profits, and economic growth were all linked to the market forces of supply and demand |
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Censorship |
Restricting access to ideas and information |
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Salons |
Informal social gatherings at which writers artists philosophes and others exchanged ideas |
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Baroque |
Grand, ornate style, huge colorful, full of excitement paintings, glorified historic battles or lives of saints |
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Rococo |
Light, elegant, charming styles |
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Enlightened despots |
Absolute rulers who use their power to bring about political and social change |
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Frederick the great |
Saw himself as "first servant of the state", exerted extremely tight control over his subjects during his reign as king |
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Catherine the great |
Empress of Russia, exchanged letters with Voltaire and Diderot, she tried to implement enlightenment changes,but in the end she did not want to give up her |
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Joseph II |
Eager student in enlightenment, traveled in disguise with his subjects to learn of problems, continued work of modernizing Austria's government, Joseph supported religious equality for Protestants and Jews in his catholic empire |
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George II |
Set out to end the Whig domination, choose his own ministers, dissolve the cabinet system, and make parliament follow his will. Most of his policies ended up in disaster. |
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Stamp act |
1765, impose taxes on items such as newspapers and pamphlets |
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George Washington |
Virginia planter and soldier, defended british |
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Thomas Jefferson |
From Virginia, principal author of the Declaration of Independence |
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Popular sovereignty |
States that all government power comes from the people |
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Yorktown, Virginia |
Washington forced to surrender of the British army there |
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Treaty of Paris |
Diplomats signed this treaty in 1783 to end the war, recognized the independence of the US |
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James Madison |
National leader who helped write the constitution |
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Benjamin Franklin |
National leader who helped write the constitution |
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Federal republic |
Power divided between the federal or national government and the states |
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Ancien régime |
Old order, everyone in French was divided into one of three social classes or estates |
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Estates |
Three social classes |
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Bourgeoisie |
Middle class |
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Bourgeoisie |
Middle class |
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Deficit spending |
Government spends more money then it makes |
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Bourgeoisie |
Middle class |
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Deficit spending |
Government spends more money then it makes |
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Louis XVI |
Well meaning but weak and indecisive |
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Bourgeoisie |
Middle class |
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Deficit spending |
Government spends more money then it makes |
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Louis XVI |
Well meaning but weak and indecisive |
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Jacques Necker |
Financial expert hired to help the French economy |
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Estates-General |
Legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates |
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Estates-General |
Legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates |
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Tennis court oath |
The third estate swore "never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until they have established a sound and just Constitution" |
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Estates-General |
Legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates |
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Tennis court oath |
The third estate swore "never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until they have established a sound and just Constitution" |
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Bastille |
Grim medieval fortress used as a prison for political and other prisoners |
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Estates-General |
Legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates |
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Tennis court oath |
The third estate swore "never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until they have established a sound and just Constitution" |
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Bastille |
Grim medieval fortress used as a prison for political and other prisoners |
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Factions |
Dissenting groups of people, competed to gain power |
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Estates-General |
Legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates |
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Tennis court oath |
The third estate swore "never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until they have established a sound and just Constitution" |
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Bastille |
Grim medieval fortress used as a prison for political and other prisoners |
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Factions |
Dissenting groups of people, competed to gain power |
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Marquis de Lafayette |
Aristocrat "head of two worlds" who fought alongside George Washington in the American revolution, headed the National Guard |
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Estates-General |
Legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates |
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Tennis court oath |
The third estate swore "never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until they have established a sound and just Constitution" |
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Bastille |
Grim medieval fortress used as a prison for political and other prisoners |
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Factions |
Dissenting groups of people, competed to gain power |
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Marquis de Lafayette |
Aristocrat "head of two worlds" who fought alongside George Washington in the American revolution, headed the National Guard |
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Olympe de Gouges |
A journalist, demanded equal rights in her "declaration of the rights of woman and the female citizen" |
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Estates-General |
Legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates |
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Tennis court oath |
The third estate swore "never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until they have established a sound and just Constitution" |
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Bastille |
Grim medieval fortress used as a prison for political and other prisoners |
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Factions |
Dissenting groups of people, competed to gain power |
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Marquis de Lafayette |
Aristocrat "head of two worlds" who fought alongside George Washington in the American revolution, headed the National Guard |
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Olympe de Gouges |
A journalist, demanded equal rights in her "declaration of the rights of woman and the female citizen" |
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Marie Antoinnette |
Lived a life of great pleasure and extravagance, lead to public unrest. Compassionate to the poor but her small acts went largely unnoticed because her lifestyle overshadowed them. She was against reform and bored with the French court |
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Estates-General |
Legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates |
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Tennis court oath |
The third estate swore "never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until they have established a sound and just Constitution" |
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Bastille |
Grim medieval fortress used as a prison for political and other prisoners |
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Factions |
Dissenting groups of people, competed to gain power |
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Marquis de Lafayette |
Aristocrat "head of two worlds" who fought alongside George Washington in the American revolution, headed the National Guard |
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Olympe de Gouges |
A journalist, demanded equal rights in her "declaration of the rights of woman and the female citizen" |
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Marie Antoinnette |
Lived a life of great pleasure and extravagance, lead to public unrest. Compassionate to the poor but her small acts went largely unnoticed because her lifestyle overshadowed them. She was against reform and bored with the French court |
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Émigrés |
Nobles, clergy, and others who had fled France and it revolutionary forces |
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Estates-General |
Legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates |
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Tennis court oath |
The third estate swore "never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until they have established a sound and just Constitution" |
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Bastille |
Grim medieval fortress used as a prison for political and other prisoners |
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Factions |
Dissenting groups of people, competed to gain power |
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Marquis de Lafayette |
Aristocrat "head of two worlds" who fought alongside George Washington in the American revolution, headed the National Guard |
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Olympe de Gouges |
A journalist, demanded equal rights in her "declaration of the rights of woman and the female citizen" |
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Marie Antoinnette |
Lived a life of great pleasure and extravagance, lead to public unrest. Compassionate to the poor but her small acts went largely unnoticed because her lifestyle overshadowed them. She was against reform and bored with the French court |
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Émigrés |
Nobles, clergy, and others who had fled France and it revolutionary forces |
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Sans-culottes |
Working class men and women, pushed the Revolution into more radical action "Without breeches" |
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Estates-General |
Legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates |
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Tennis court oath |
The third estate swore "never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until they have established a sound and just Constitution" |
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Bastille |
Grim medieval fortress used as a prison for political and other prisoners |
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Factions |
Dissenting groups of people, competed to gain power |
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Marquis de Lafayette |
Aristocrat "head of two worlds" who fought alongside George Washington in the American revolution, headed the National Guard |
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Olympe de Gouges |
A journalist, demanded equal rights in her "declaration of the rights of woman and the female citizen" |
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Marie Antoinnette |
Lived a life of great pleasure and extravagance, lead to public unrest. Compassionate to the poor but her small acts went largely unnoticed because her lifestyle overshadowed them. She was against reform and bored with the French court |
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Émigrés |
Nobles, clergy, and others who had fled France and it revolutionary forces |
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Sans-culottes |
Working class men and women, pushed the Revolution into more radical action "Without breeches" |
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Republic |
Government ruled by elected representatives instead of a monarch |
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Estates-General |
Legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates |
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Jacobins |
Middle-class lawyer or intellectuals |
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Tennis court oath |
The third estate swore "never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until they have established a sound and just Constitution" |
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Bastille |
Grim medieval fortress used as a prison for political and other prisoners |
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Factions |
Dissenting groups of people, competed to gain power |
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Marquis de Lafayette |
Aristocrat "head of two worlds" who fought alongside George Washington in the American revolution, headed the National Guard |
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Olympe de Gouges |
A journalist, demanded equal rights in her "declaration of the rights of woman and the female citizen" |
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Marie Antoinnette |
Lived a life of great pleasure and extravagance, lead to public unrest. Compassionate to the poor but her small acts went largely unnoticed because her lifestyle overshadowed them. She was against reform and bored with the French court |
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Émigrés |
Nobles, clergy, and others who had fled France and it revolutionary forces |
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Sans-culottes |
Working class men and women, pushed the Revolution into more radical action "Without breeches" |
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Republic |
Government ruled by elected representatives instead of a monarch |
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Jacobins |
Middle class lawyers or intellectuals |
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Suffrage |
Right to vote |
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Suffrage |
Right to vote |
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Robespierre |
Shrewd lawyer and politician, rose to lead Committee of Public Safety |
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Suffrage |
Right to vote |
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Robespierre |
Shrewd lawyer and politician, rose to lead Committee of Public Safety |
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Reign of terror |
Sep 1793 to july 1794, hasty court rulings |
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Suffrage |
Right to vote |
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Robespierre |
Shrewd lawyer and politician, rose to lead Committee of Public Safety |
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Reign of terror |
Sep 1793 to july 1794, hasty court rulings |
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Guillotine |
Fast falling blade |
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Suffrage |
Right to vote |
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Robespierre |
Shrewd lawyer and politician, rose to lead Committee of Public Safety |
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Reign of terror |
Sep 1793 to july 1794, hasty court rulings |
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Guillotine |
Fast falling blade |
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Napoleon |
Popular military, ruled france |
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Suffrage |
Right to vote |
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Robespierre |
Shrewd lawyer and politician, rose to lead Committee of Public Safety |
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Reign of terror |
Sep 1793 to july 1794, hasty court rulings |
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Guillotine |
Fast falling blade |
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Napoleon |
Popular military, ruled france |
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Nationalism |
Feeling of pride in country |
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Suffrage |
Right to vote |
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Robespierre |
Shrewd lawyer and politician, rose to lead Committee of Public Safety |
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Reign of terror |
Sep 1793 to july 1794, hasty court rulings |
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Guillotine |
Fast falling blade |
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Napoleon |
Popular military, ruled france |
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Nationalism |
Feeling of pride in country |
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Marseilles |
Port city, troops marched to a rousing new song ... Urged the march against tyranny |
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Suffrage |
Right to vote |
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Robespierre |
Shrewd lawyer and politician, rose to lead Committee of Public Safety |
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Reign of terror |
Sep 1793 to july 1794, hasty court rulings |
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Guillotine |
Fast falling blade |
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Napoleon |
Popular military, ruled france |
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Nationalism |
Feeling of pride in country |
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Marseilles |
Port city, troops marched to a rousing new song ... Urged the march against tyranny |
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Plebiscite |
Popular vote by ballot |
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Napoleonic code |
New set of laws |
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Napoleonic code |
New set of laws |
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Annexed |
Incorporated |
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Napoleonic code |
New set of laws |
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Annexed |
Incorporated |
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Continental system |
Closed European ports to British goods |
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Napoleonic code |
New set of laws |
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Annexed |
Incorporated |
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Continental system |
Closed European ports to British goods |
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Guerrilla warfare |
Hit and rum raids |
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Napoleonic code |
New set of laws |
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Annexed |
Incorporated |
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Continental system |
Closed European ports to British goods |
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Guerrilla warfare |
Hit and rum raids |
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Scorched earth policy |
Burned crops and villages |
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Abdicated |
Stepped down from power |
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Abdicated |
Stepped down from power |
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Congress of Vienna |
Diplomats and heads of state |
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Legitimacy |
Restoring hereditary monarchies that the French Revolution or napoleon had unseated |
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Concert of Europe |
System- powers met periodically to discuss any problems affecting the peace of Europe |
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Philosophes |
Enlightened thinkers who believed reason could lead to reforms of government, law, and society |
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Philosophes |
Enlightened thinkers who believed reason could lead to reforms of government, law, and society |
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Montesquieu |
"Spirit of The Law" Thought the government should have 3 branches & a check and balance system |
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Philosophes |
Enlightened thinkers who believed reason could lead to reforms of government, law, and society |
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Montesquieu |
"Spirit of The Law" Thought the government should have 3 branches & a check and balance system |
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Voltaire |
Targeted corrupt officials and battled inequality through his pen, went to jail, saw his books banned |
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Philosophes |
Enlightened thinkers who believed reason could lead to reforms of government, law, and society |
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Montesquieu |
"Spirit of The Law" Thought the government should have 3 branches & a check and balance system |
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Voltaire |
Targeted corrupt officials and battled inequality through his pen, went to jail, saw his books banned |
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Diderot |
Wrote the encyclopedia, wanting to change the general way of thinking, tried to ban the encyclopedia but it never worked |
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Rousseau |
Thought people were good in their natural state, corrupted society made natural innocence evil. 1762- "The Social Contract" -his book about ideas for government and social changes Only freely elected governments should have control Rousseau put his face in the general will of the people |
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Rousseau |
Thought people were good in their natural state, corrupted society made natural innocence evil. 1762- "The Social Contract" -his book about ideas for government and social changes Only freely elected governments should have control Rousseau put his face in the general will of the people |
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Wollstonecraft |
1792- published "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" - spoke of how women were completely left out of the social contact but men ridiculed their ideas |
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Rousseau |
Thought people were good in their natural state, corrupted society made natural innocence evil. 1762- "The Social Contract" -his book about ideas for government and social changes Only freely elected governments should have control Rousseau put his face in the general will of the people |
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Wollstonecraft |
1792- published "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" - spoke of how women were completely left out of the social contact but men ridiculed their ideas |
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