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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Common Expressions of Emotion with the Subjunctive
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alegrarse - to be happy about
esperar - to hope lamentar - to regret/feel sorry sentir - to regret/feel sorry temer - to fear/be afraid |
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Common Expressions of Emotion that have indirect object pronouns with the Subjunctive
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gustarse - glad
molestarse - annoyed sorprenderse – surprised |
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Impersonal Emotional Expressions that are followed by the Subjunctive
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es absurdo que - it's absurd that
es extraño que - strange es increíble que - incredible es major que - better es bueno que - good es malo que - bad es terrible que - terrible es una lástima que - shame es urgente que - urgent |
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Expressing Hopes
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Ojalá (que) - I hope
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Expressions of Doubt and Denial that are used with the Subjunctive
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no creer - to disbelieve
dudar - to doubt negar - to deny no estar seguro - to be unsure |
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Impersonal Expressions of Doubt and Denial that are used with the Subjunctive
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es posible que - it's possible that
es imposible que - impossible es probable que - probable es improbable que - unlikely no es cierto que - not certain no es seguro que - not sure no es verdad que - not true |
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Form of a Subjunctive Sentence
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First Subject + indicative + que + second subject + subjunctive
(when the sentence contains an expression of influence, emotion, doubt, or denial) |
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When is the Subjunctive used?
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With espressions of influence, emotion, doubt, or denial. The indicative is used with expressions of certainty. The infinitive is used when the subject of the sentence doen't change.
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Form of the Subjunctive
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Put in the yo form, drop the -o, and add the opposite endings (stem-changing verbs still stem-change and irregular yo forms are still used)
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Irregular Subjunctives
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dar - dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den
estar - esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén haber - haya ir - vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayais, vayan saber - sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepais, sepan ser - sea, seas, sea, seamos, seais, sean |
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Other Subjunctive Form Rules
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Verbs ending in -car become qu, verbs ending in -gar become gu, and verbs ending in -zar become c.
Irregular Yo forms: conocer - conozca decir - diga hacer - haga oir - oiga poner - ponga salir - salga tener - tenga traer - traiga venir - venga ver - vea |
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Forming the Past Participle
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For AR verbs, drop the -ar and add ado. For ER/IR verbs, drop the -er or -ir and add ido.
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Irregular Past Participles
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abrir - abierto
cubrir - cubierto decir - dicho escribir - escrito hacer - hecho morir - muerto poner - puesto resolver - resuelto romper - roto ver - visto vovler - vuelto |
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Past Participles with spelling changes
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caer - caído
creer - creído leer - leído oír - oído (son)reir - (son)reído traer - traído |
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The Past Participle used as an Adjective
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When the past participle is used as an adjective, it is modifying a noun and it must agree in number and gender with the noun it is modifying. It is often used with estar in this instance.
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Present Perfect Indicative
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Used to say that someone has done something, and is formed with haber + past particple, where the past participle never changes to agree in either number or gender.
Haber: he has ha hemos habeis han |
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Present Perfect Subjunctive
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Used to say that someone has done something when there is uncertainty about a statement and the subjunctive is required. It is formed with haber + past participle, where the past participle neither agrees in number or gender.
Haber: haya hayas haya hayamos hayais hayan |
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Verbs that require the preposition "a" before an infinitive
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aprender a - to learn
ayudar a - to help empezar a - to begin enseñar a - to teach invitar a - to invite ir a - to go venir a - to come volver a - to return |
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Verbs that require the preposition "de" before an infinitive
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acabar de - to finish
acordarse de - to agree dejar de - to stop olvidarse de - to forget tener ganas de - to have to tratar de - to try to |
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Verbs that require the preposition "en" before an infinitive
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insistir en - to insist
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Verbs that require the preposition "que" before an infinitive
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haber que
tener que |
