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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diffusion of Treatment |
threat to internal validity in field. Its not unusual to be faced with intact groups that cannot be isolated from one another. Instead of having two comparison groups that are clearly distinct on the independent variable being considered we may find that the boundaries between the groups are or become somewhat blurred. |
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Compensatory Equalization of Treatment |
threat to internal validity in find. Wen the treatment being evaluated involves goods and or services considered desirable and where there is a large disparity between groups. Seeing the disparity, administrators may reroute some goods or provide access to services among some or all members of the disadvantaged group in a effort to alleviate the disparity. Makes the groups less distinct the they would wise have been, leading to an erroneous finding of "no difference" |
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Compensatory Rivalry |
Threat to internal validity that can emerge in the field. If it's known that an evaluation is in progress, one may see compensatory rivalry by the respondents who are receiving the less desirable treatments. Knowing that one is in the disadvantaged group may spur a competitive spirit to overcome adversity and perform well. |
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John Henry Effect |
when participants from the control group in an experimental design actively compete with the experimental group thereby changing their behaviour. This threat to the internal validity of the study is based on an individual by the name of John Henry who when learned his performance was being compared to that of a steam drill he worked so hard that he outperformed it but died.
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Resentful Demoralization |
Threat to internal validity that can emerge in a field study. Participants may demonstrate the opposite response to the discrepancy among groups. Members of the group perceive the result as adverse and inevitable; they may not even try to compete and may intentionally reduce their performance. The researcher may overestimate the actual potency of the treatment being given. |
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Mortality |
a situation in which some individuals drop out of the research before it is completed. Some individuals who are recorded as participants at the beginning of the research do not return for the dependent measure follow up |
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Analytic Induction |
process of theory formulation characteristic of inductive approaches. Researcher begins by making observations and formulating a tentative explanation. Next, researcher examines adequacy of the explanation and revises until it accounts for all observed data. Particular attention is paid to negative cases as they will suggest revisions. Once an explanatory scheme is devised thats consistent with all the data gathered, then researcher gathers more data to see if it fits with explanation. |
