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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Civil Case |
A case that concerns a dispute involving individuals or organizations |
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Criminal Case |
A case brought by the state against persons accused of violating a law |
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Administrative Case |
Usually, a case in which a government agency applies rules to settle a legal dispute |
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Common Law |
Unwritten law based on tradition, custom, or court decisions |
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Limited Jurisdiction trial courts |
Those courts with original jurisdiction over specialized cases such as juvenile offenses or traffic violations |
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Major Trial Court |
Court of general jurisdiction that handles major criminal and civil cases |
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Supreme Court |
The highest state court beyond which there is no appeal except in cases involving federal law |
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Intermediate Appellate Court |
A state appellate court that relieves the case burden on the Supreme Court by hearing certain types of appeals |
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Plea Bargaining |
Negotiation between a prosecutor and a criminal defendant’s counsel that results in the defendant pleading guilty in exchange for a reduced sentence |
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Bench Trial |
Trial by a single judge, without jury |
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Trial by jury |
A trial by which a jury decides the facts and makes a finding of guilty or not guilty |
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Precedent |
The legal principle that previous similar court decisions should be applied to future decisions |
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Stare decisis |
The legal doctrine that precedent set in earlier cases should guide judges’ rulings |
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Judicial Federalism |
State constitutional and statutory laws are consulted and applied before federal law |
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Judicial Activism |
The making of judicial public policy through decisions that overturn existing law or effectively make new laws |
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Tort |
A civil wrong that causes harm to another person, such as an auto accident, product of liability, or defamation |
