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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bacteriophage |
Virus that infects bacteria |
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Nucleotide |
Monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base double |
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Double heli |
Model that compares the structure of DNA molecule, in which two strands wind around one another, to that of a twisted ladder |
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Base pairing rules |
Rule that describes how nucleotides form bonds in DNA; adine (A) always bonds with thymine (T) and guanine (G) always bonds with cytosine (C) |
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Central dogma |
Theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins |
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RNA |
Nucleic avid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis |
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Transcription |
Process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of mRNA |
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RNA polymerase |
Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template |
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) |
Form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis |
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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein; also used as a molecular clock |
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Transfer RNA (tRNA) |
Form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis |
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Translation |
Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced |
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Codon |
Sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid |
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Stop codon |
Codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation |
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Start codon |
Codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation codes for the first amino acid in a protein |
