Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is Metabolism?
|
the sum total of all the chemical reactions that go on in living cells.
- includes all the reactions by which the body obtains and expends the energy from food |
|
|
What are Catabolic reactions?
|
-reactions in which large molecules are broken down to smaller ones.
- release energy. |
|
|
What are Anabolism reactions?
|
-reactions in which small molecules are put together to build larger ones.
- require energy. |
|
|
In metabolism what does the liver do?
|
- does anabolic reaction with glycogen triglycerides and protein
- does catabolic reactions, same molecules from food |
|
|
What happens during feasting?
|
When a person eats the body guided by the liver detects excess energy and begins to store energy as fat.
|
|
|
What happens during fasting?
|
When nutrients from a meal are no longer available to provide energy (about 2 to 3 hours after a meal), the body draws on its glycogen and fat stores for energy.
|
|
|
What happens during fasting for way over 2-3 hours when theres no glycogen left?
|
The body protein and fat are catbolized.
|
|
|
What is the units of energy?
|
ATP
|
|
|
Describe the structure and function of ATP
|
- Contains adenosine triphosphate groups
- Use in the body to produce energy . |
|
|
Why is ATP compared to a battery?
|
- charge battery contains energy; ATP means energy in the body
- empty battery contains no energy; ADP +P means no energy in the body |
|
|
Why doesn't the body just store energy longterm instead of producing them?
|
- Highly charge
- highly unstable - Two small of an energy unit |
|
|
What is the chemical structure of fat?
|
Triglycerides and 3 water molecules , which contains 3 Fatty acid (long carbon chain with COOH acid end and CH3) + glycerol
|
|
|
What is the chemical structure of carbohydrates?
|
Glycogen- contains hunders of glucose units highly branched chain. Each new glycogen molecule needs a special protein protector.
starch- hunders of glucose in brach chains (amylopectin) or unbranched chains (amylose) |
|
|
What is the chemical structure of proteins?
|
Amino acids. 21 known
|
|
|
Steps to the energy yielding pathways for glucose (carbohydrates).
|
GLYCOLYSIS: 1 glucose into 2 pyruvate, cost 2 ATP but gain 4 ATP: Net gain of 2ATP.
TCA CYCLE: Start with pyruvate attaching itself to acetyl coA then enters and join to oxaloacetate (4 carbons) Yeild 2 ATP and release elecytrons with the help of Coenzyme (vitamin B niacin riboflavin.) ETC: each electrons/proton/H+ leaves the inside of the mitochondria to the outside with the help of a electron carrier. To go back inside H+ goes to the the ATP synthesis protein complex. This join ADP+P together for ATP. TOTAL: 30-32 ATP |
|
|
Steps to the energy yielding pathways for amino acids (protein).
|
DEANMINATION: the amino acid looses ammonia NH3 to make pyruvate or some amino acids (ketogenic ones) are converted to acetyl CoA instead, and others can enter the TCA cycle as glycogenic
TCA CYCLE: Start with pyruvate attaching itself to acetyl coA then enters and join to oxaloacetate (4 carbons) Yeild 2 ATP and release elecytrons with the help of Coenzyme (vitamin B niacin riboflavin.) ETC: each electrons/proton/H+ leaves the inside of the mitochondria to the outside with the help of a electron carrier. To go back inside H+ goes to the the ATP synthesis protein complex. This join ADP+P together for ATP. TOTAL: 30-32 ATP |
|
|
Steps to the energy yielding pathways for glycerol (fats).
|
Glycerol-to-Pyruvate Glycerol is a 3-carbon compound like pyruvate but with a different arrangement. Thus can easily be converted to another 3-carbon compound.
TCA CYCLE: Start with pyruvate attaching itself to acetyl coA then enters and join to oxaloacetate (4 carbons) Yeild 2 ATP and release elecytrons with the help of Coenzyme (vitamin B niacin riboflavin.) ETC: each electrons/proton/H+ leaves the inside of the mitochondria to the outside with the help of a electron carrier. To go back inside H+ goes to the the ATP synthesis protein complex. This join ADP+P together for ATP. TOTAL: 30-32 ATP |
|
|
Steps to the energy yielding pathways for fatty acids (fats).
|
Fatty Acid Oxidation: The end outcome is a Fatty Acids to Acetyl CoA. The fatty acid is first activated by coenzyme A (with the use of energy). Then 2 coenzymes carries H+ and e- form the faty acid. Another CoA joins the chain, and the bond at the second carbon (the beta- carbon) weakens. Acetyl CoA splits off, leaving a fatty acid that is two carbons shorter.Therefore every 1 fatty acid makes 1 acetyl CoA and 1 fatty acid (-2 carbons)
TCA CYCLE: Start with pyruvate attaching itself to acetyl coA then enters and join to oxaloacetate (4 carbons) Yeild 2 ATP and release elecytrons with the help of Coenzyme (vitamin B niacin riboflavin.) ETC: each electrons/proton/H+ leaves the inside of the mitochondria to the outside with the help of a electron carrier. To go back inside H+ goes to the the ATP synthesis protein complex. This join ADP+P together for ATP. TOTAL: 129 ATP (1 16C fatty acid) |
