(Bg) Chapter 7: Digestion

Front 1

Intracellular vs Extracellular Digestion

Back 1

Intra refers to digestion within the cell itself like in the case of glycolysis and cellular respiration. Extracellular digestion refers to digestion that takes place outside the borders of the cell

Front 2

Alimentary Canal

Back 2

The lumen where digestion takes place in the human body. It is the tube that connect the mouth to the anus.

Front 3

Two functions of digestive tract

Back 3

Digestion and Absorption

Front 4

Two types of digestion

Back 4

Mechanical (the breaking of materials physical tructure) and Chemical (the breaking of chemical bonds)

Front 5

Early path of the Digestive Tract

Back 5

Pharynx---Esophagus---Stomach---Small Intestine---Large Intestine

Front 6

Accesory Organs Involved in Digestion

Back 6

Pancreas, Liver, Gall Bladder

Front 7

Two components of the Epithelial Layer

Back 7

MUCOUS MEMBRANE which is the outer layer that is reponsible for the exchange of materials and the BASEMENT MEMBRANE that functions as the foundation of the mucous membrane

Front 8

Six Types of Epithelia and Description

Back 8

1) Simple=One layer
2) Stratified=More than one layer
3) Psedostratified=Looks like multiple layer but is really one layer
4) Cuboidal=Cells shaped like cubes
5) Columnar=Cells shaped like columns
6) Sqamous=Cells that are scale like
(SSP--CCS)

Front 9

Oral Cavity Function

Back 9

Mastication

Front 10

Function of Mastication

Back 10

Increase surface are of the food so that there is a greater chemical interaction between nutrients and chemical digestive compounds

Front 11

Saliva Function

Back 11

1) Lubrication through coating the food
2) Contains SALIVARY AMYLASE also known as PTYALIN and LIPASE

Front 12

Ptyalin and Lipase

Back 12

Lipase hydrolizes lipids while Ptyalin hydrolyzes starch

Front 13

Cavity that connect mouth and esophagus

Back 13

Pharynx

Front 14

Covers the trachea during swolloing

Back 14

Epiglottis

Front 15

Esophageal Muscular Control

Back 15

Only about the top third is composed of STRIATED SKELATAL MUSCLE which can be controlled. The rest is SMOOTH MUSCLE that operates under MYOGENIC ACTIVITY and cannot be controlled.

Front 16

Muscle Contraction Moving Food

Back 16

Peristalsis which is the rythmic contraction of smooth muscle which moves the BOLUS down the esophageal tube

Front 17

Link Between Esophagus and Stomach

Back 17

Cardiac Sphincter or Lower Esophageal Sphincter

Front 18

Two glands of the Stomach Mucosa

Back 18

Gastric Glands and Pyloric Glands

Front 19

Gastric Glands: Cellular Composition (3) and Function

Back 19

1) Chief Cells: Secrets PEPSINOGEN which is related to PEPSIN which cleaves protiens into smaller fragments
2) Parietal Cells: Secrets Hydrocholic Acid
3) Mucous Cells:Secret the mucos membrane that protects the stomach

Front 20

Pyloric Glands

Back 20

Secrets GASTRIN HORMONE which signals the parietal cells release more HCl.

Front 21

Name for former food after processed in stomach

Back 21

Chyme

Front 22

Stomach is primarily a_________.

Back 22

Digestive site (not absorbtion)

Front 23

Link between Stomach and Doudenum

Back 23

Pyloric Sphincter

Front 24

Three Sections of Small Inestine

Back 24

Doudenum, Jenjunum, Ileum

Front 25

These increase the surface area of the small intestine to increase the absorption.

Back 25

Villi and Microvilli

Front 26

Most of digestion occurs in the________.

Back 26

Doudenum

Front 27

Ideal pH for Pancreatic Enzymes

Back 27

8.5

Front 28

_______neutralizes acidic chyme.

Back 28

Bicarbonate

Front 29

Responsible for Carbohydrate Digestion

Back 29

Pancreatice Amylase

Front 30

Responsible for Protien Digestion

Back 30

Trypsinogen, Chymotrysinogen, Elastinogen, Carboxypeptidase. All are activated by ENTEROKINASE

Front 31

Resonsiple for Lipid Digestion

Back 31

Lipase

Front 32

Cholecystokinin

Back 32

Hormone released by the small intestine as chyme move out of the stomach that signals the release of BILE from the GALL BLADDER. Bile is made in the liver and is released into the doudenum through the BILE DUCT.

Front 33

Bile: mechanical or chemical digestion.

Back 33

Mechanical

Front 34

Role of Bile

Back 34

EMULSIFY fat and cholesterol and and turn into miscells

Front 35

Secretic

Back 35

Causes pancreatic juice to be released from the pancreas

Front 36

Disaccharidases released by the small intestine

Back 36

Maltase, Lactase, Sucrase

Front 37

Enterogasterone

Back 37

Slows the movement of high-fat chyme to allow for greater digesion

Front 38

Sites of absorption

Back 38

Jenjunum and Ileum

Front 39

Movement of Amino Acids and Sugar into bloodstream

Back 39

A gradient is created between intestinal capillary blood and epithelial cells. These compound move from the epithelial cells to the blood stream via ACTIVE TRANSPORT and FACILITATED DIFFUSION. Molecules then move to the LIVER via the HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM

Front 40

Fats move into the intestinal capillaries throug_______.

Back 40

Diffusion (no need for transport)

Front 41

Chylomicrons

Back 41

Packages of triglycerides and enter the lymphatic system through LACETALS

Front 42

Vitamin Absorption

Back 42

Water Soluble: A,D,E,K
Fat Soluble: B,C

Front 43

Function of Colon

Back 43

Absorbing water and salt

Front 44

Three Section of Large Intestine

Back 44

Cecum (small pocket that is connected to APPENDIX), Colon, Rectum