Chapter 7 Aprendamos - Atando Cabos

Front 1

Aprendamos 1 -
Denying and Contradicting:

Back 1

Indefinite and Negative Words

Front 2

Indefinite Words

Back 2

algo --> something
alguien --> someone
alguno/a/os/as --> any, some, someone
siempre --> always
o --> or
o...o --> either...or
también --> also, too

Front 3

Negative Words

Back 3

nada --> nothing
nadie --> no one, nobody
ninguno/a --> no, none, no one
nunca, jamás --> never
ni --> nor
ni...ni --> neither...nor
tampoco --> neither, not...either

Front 4

1) In Spanish, negative words, such as never, nothing, no one, or neither, are used in a double negative construction in which the negative word appears after the very phrase.

Back 4

no + verb phrase + negative word

Front 5

Example

No se hizo nada de publicidad para este producto.

Back 5

They didn't do any publicity for this product.

Front 6

2) However, if the negative word appears before the verb phrase, it follows the regular pattern.

Back 6

negative word + verb phrase

Front 7

Example

Los gerentes nunca están contentos con el presupuesto que les da la administración.

Back 7

The managers are never happy with the budget that the administration gives them.

Front 8

3) Ninguno and alguno become ningún and algún before masculine singular nouns.

*Ninguno/a is never used in the plural form

Back 8

ninguno --> ningún

alguno --> algún

Front 9

Example

Ningún aspirante supo contestar las preguntas correctamente.

Back 9

No applicant knew how to answer the questions correctly.

Front 10

4) Ninguno/a may be followed by de + a noun phrase.

Back 10

Example:

Ninguno de estos empleados tiene seguro de desempleo.

None of these employees has unemployment insurance.

Front 11

5) The "a" personal is used before nadie and alguien, alguno and ninguno when they function as direct objects of a sentence.

Back 11

Example:

¿Conoce a alguien en esta empresa?

Do you know anyone in this company?

Front 12

Apredamos 2-
Describing unknown and nonexistent people and things

Back 12

Adjective Clauses

Front 13

1) An adjective (clause) describes the preceding noun or pronoun.

Back 13

We need an accountant who knows about taxes.

adj. clause = "who knows about taxes"

The noun or pronoun that is being described is the antecedent.

Front 14

2) In Spanish, when the antecedent is unknown (unidentified) or nonexistent, the verb of the dependent clause is in the subjective.

Back 14

Necesitamos a alguien que sepa de derecho familiar. (unidentified)

We need someone who knows about family policies.

No hay ninguna persona que quiera invertir en este producto. (nonexistent)

There is no one who wants to invest in this product.

Front 15

3) If the antecedent is a person or thing that exists or has already been identified, then verb of the dependent clause is in the indicative.

Back 15

Specific:
Solicité el trabajo que ofrecen en la universidad
--> I applied for the job that is offered at the university

Unidentified:
Busco un trabajo que sea interestante.
--> I am looking for a job that is interesting.