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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
what kind of plants produce seeds?
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gymnosperms and angiosperms
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what kind of plants do you hate the most?
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where do gymnosperms produce seeds?
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on or near bracts
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imagine being in gym with seeds in your braces
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what are bracts?
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exposed leaves found on cones
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what are bracets? exposed little boxes on teeth
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where do angiosperms produce seeds?
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inside the ovaries
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where do seeds develop from?
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sporagnia attached to modified leaves (the sporophylls of a cone or carpels of a flower). the ovule forms as an attachment to a modified leaf and develops into a seed after fertilization. the outer layers of the ovule (integuments- usually one or two) harden to become the seed coat.
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what are integuments?
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the outer layers of the ovule which harden into a seed coat after fertilization
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in gymnosperms, the ovulate cone typically has __ scales with each fertilized ovule developing into a seed sitting _____ the scale
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2, atop
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in angiosperms, seeds develop as fertilized ovules inside the ovary, which forms the base of the carpel. the ovary eventually matures into a fruit.
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no question.
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a gymnosperm contains an embryo with several ______ attached to a _________ and an ____________
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cotyledons, short stem, embryonic root
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dicot seeds contain an embryo with ________, prominent cotyledons that contain ________, _________, and _________.
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fleshy, starch, protein, lipids
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in dicots, the cotyledons attach to a _________ that culminates in the embryonic root called a ______________
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short stem, radicle
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in monocot seeds contain a ______ (size) embryo and a ________ (size) endosperm
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small, large
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the monocot embryo has __ (#) cotyledons known as (a) ________
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1 scutellum
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1 cotyledon is a CUTE number and the word CUTE is found in the name!
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what is the scutellum (the one cotyledon in monocots) attached to?
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an embryonic axis containing shoot and root meristems
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a layer of protein called the ____________ surround the endosperm in monocot seeds and responds to signals from the scutellum by producing ______ to break down ______
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aleurone, enzymes, starch
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mark marone, al's, lazy cousin
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what is the name of a PASSIVE process that begins seed germination in which the dry seed takes up water like a sponge?
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imbibition
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what does colleen do when she takes up beer like a sponge?
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_______ _______ serves as a kind of clock to prevent seeds from germinating during winter warm spells
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abscisic acid
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what is the first sign that germination is occuring?
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the busting of the radicle through the seed coat
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what is the name of the embryonic shoot that begins to grow?
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plumule
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what is the name of the germination that occurs in which the cotyledons remain underground?
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hypogeous
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think another term for BELOW, and another term for EARTH
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in what type of plants does hypogeous germination occur?
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some dicots and most monocots
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a bad day occurs when you have have hypothermia and mono
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in what type of germination do the cotyledons push above the soil?
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epigeous
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you can't watch the EPI tonight because the homework is ABOVE your head, another name for EARTH
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in what type of plants does epigeous germination occur?
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most dicots and some monocots
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it's a good day when you go to epcot center and see a ...
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through what process are asexual seeds produced?
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apomixis
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people who have to be asexual are a poor at mixin'
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what are 4 functions of the fruit?
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1. protect embryo from drying out
2. protect from diseases and herbivores 3. promote seed distribution when animals eat fruit 4. provide ready-made fertilizer for seed |
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what is another name for the ovary wall?
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pericarp
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what are the three parts of the pericarp (ovary wall)?
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1. exocarp (skin)
2.mesocarp (middle) 3. endocarp (inner) |
easy
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what are the 3 general types of fruits?
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1. simple
2. aggregate 3. multiple |
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what are simple fruits?
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fruits that develop from 1 carpel or several fused carpels
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what are aggregate fruits?
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fruits that originate from one flower that hasd many carpels
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what are multiple fruits?
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fruits that devlop from the carpels of more than one flower ina sincgle inflorescence
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what are the 5 types of simlpe FLESHY fruits and give an example of each.
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1. berries
2. hesperidia (orange) 3. pepos (pumpkin) 4. drupes (olives) 5. pomes (pears) |
simple fleshy: bhpdp
brendan hor. peels dirty pears |
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what are the 2 main categories of simple DRY fruits?
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dehiscent and indehiscent
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what are dehiscent fruits?
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dry fruits that split open at maturity to shed seeds
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what are indehiscent fruits?
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dry fruits that remain closed at maturity
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what are 4 types w/ examples of dehiscent dry fruits?
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1. follicles (milkweed)
2. legumes (beans) 3. siliques (cabbage) 4. capsules (poppies) |
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what are 5 type w/ examples of indehiscent dry fruits?
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1. nuts
2. schizocarps (carrot) 3. achenes (strawberry) 4. samaras (elm tree) 5. carypses (rice) |
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how are seeds transported?
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water, air, being eaten, getting stuck on animals
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what are 4 types w/ examples of dehiscent dry fruits?
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1. follicles (milkweed)
2. legumes (beans) 3. siliques (cabbage) 4. capsules (poppies) |
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what are 5 type w/ examples of indehiscent dry fruits?
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1. nuts
2. schizocarps (carrot) 3. achenes (strawberry) 4. samaras (elm tree) 5. carypses (rice) |
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how are seeds transported?
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water, air, being eaten, getting stuck on animals
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