Chapter 6 Psych

Front 1

learning

Back 1

a relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience; physiological event

Front 2

learning changes

Back 2

maturation and experience, short term changes in performance and actual learning

Front 3

3 ways we learn

Back 3

classical conditioning, operant conditioning, observational learning

Front 4

classical conditioning

Back 4

discovered by Ivan Pavlov in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response

Front 5

classical conditioning terms

Back 5

Unconditioned Stimulus (US), Unconditioned Response(UR), Conditioned Stimulus(CS), Conditioned Response(CR)

Front 6

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Back 6

a stimulus that produces a response without prior learning

Front 7

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Back 7

an unlearned response to the unconditioned stimulus

Front 8

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Back 8

elicits the conditioned response after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus

Front 9

Conditioned Response (CR)

Back 9

the learned response to the conditioned stimulus that occurs after CS-US association

Front 10

3 ways classical conditioning is important in human emotional learning

Back 10

Phobia, sexual fetish,

Front 11

phobia

Back 11

unreasonable fear

Front 12

sexual fetish

Back 12

sexual urges and fantasies centered around non living objects

Front 13

stimulus generalization

Back 13

occurs when a conditioned response gollows a stiulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus

Front 14

Stimulus discrimination

Back 14

ability to differentiate between stimuli - different bells

Front 15

Generalization

Back 15

descrimination

Front 16

extinction

Back 16

occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears; nightmares

Front 17

spontaneous recovery

Back 17

re-emergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest

Front 18

interpretation of classical conditioning

Back 18

not reflex, information theory - rescorla

Front 19

operant conditioning

Back 19

voluntary response is weakened or strengthened, depending on its favorable response

Front 20

Edward Thorndike

Back 20

cat in puzzle box, responses for satisfying more (more repeated)

Front 21

B.F. Skinner

Back 21

reinforcement - if consequence is something you want you'll do it again

Front 22

primary reinforcer

Back 22

satisfies biological need and works naturally

Front 23

secondary reinforcer

Back 23

becomes reinforcing because of its association with a primary reinforcement (money=value)

Front 24

positive reinforcement

Back 24

increases behavior; will be repeated

Front 25

negative reinforcement

Back 25

decreases behavior; unpleasant stimulus removal to increase behavior

Front 26

positive reinforcement

Back 26

response is followed by a stimulus - study = good grades

Front 27

negative reinforcement

Back 27

removes stimulus or avoids stimulus - beeping = seatbelt

Front 28

punishment

Back 28

decreases probability it will happen again

Front 29

positive punishment

Back 29

unpleasant - decreases

Front 30

negative punishment

Back 30

removal of something pleasant decreases probability

Front 31

continuous reinforcement

Back 31

everytime; always money at atm

Front 32

partial reinforcement

Back 32

intermittant; do not always get it - best on behavior

Front 33

fixed interval schedule

Back 33

paid on saturday; rates of response low

Front 34

variable interval

Back 34

time between reinforcement varis around some average rather than being fixed

Front 35

fixed ratio schedule

Back 35

given after certain amount of responses

Front 36

variable ratio schedule

Back 36

given after varying number of responses rather than fixed number; commission

Front 37

interval

Back 37

time based

Front 38

variable

Back 38

time; fishing

Front 39

fixed ratio

Back 39

# of responses - commission

Front 40

variable ratio

Back 40

# of responses - slot machine

Front 41

shaping behavior

Back 41

teaching a complex behavior by rewarding closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

Front 42

chaining

Back 42

used to teach a complex sequence of behaviors; dog rolling over, last behavior=best behavior

Front 43

S-R theory

Back 43

idea that responses are mechanical and don't require conscious processes

Front 44

latent learning

Back 44

expectancies, a new behavior is learned but not demonstrated until reinforcement is provided for displaying it

Front 45

cognitive map

Back 45

an organisms mental representation of the structure of physical space

Front 46

insight learning

Back 46

a form of problem solving in which an organism develops a sudden understanding of a problems solution

Front 47

observational learning

Back 47

learning through observing behavior of another person called a model