Chapter 6: Nursing Assistant

Front 1

What is a tiny living thing visible only through a microscope

Back 1

microorganism/microbe

Front 2

what are infections caused by

Back 2

pathogens

Front 3

What must invade and grow within the human body in order for infections to develop?

Back 3

pathogens

Front 4

What type of infection is limited to a specific part of the body?

Back 4

localized infection

Front 5

What type of infection occurs when pathogens enter the bloodstream and move throughout the body?

Back 5

systemic infection

Front 6

What special type of infection can be localized or systemic and is associated with healthcare delivery in any setting, including long term care facilities, hospitals, ambulatory settings, and home care?

Back 6

HAI (healthcare associated infection)

Front 7

Redness, swelling, pain, heat, and drainage are signs and symptoms of what type of infection?

Back 7

localized infection

Front 8

What is a name for fluid from a wound or cavity

Back 8

Drainage

Front 9

Fever, chills, headache, change in other vital signs, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mental confusion are signs and symptoms of what type of infection?

Back 9

systemic infection

Front 10

This disease is caused by a pathogen

Back 10

Infectious disease

Front 11

What term is used to describe the body's ability to prevent infection and disease?

Back 11

Resistance

Front 12

What type of infectious disease is transmitted by both direct contact and indirectly?

Back 12

Communicable disease

Front 13

What type of communicable disease spreads quickly from person to person?

Back 13

Contagious disease

Front 14

What type of disease is not capable of being spread from one person to another?

Back 14

Non communicable disease

Front 15

What is the way and means by which a disease is spread?

Back 15

Transmission

Front 16

What refers to practices used to reduce and control the spread of microorganisms, such as handwashing?

Back 16

Medical asepsis

Front 17

A condition in which an object has not been contaminated with pathogens?

Back 17

Clean

Front 18

The physical movement or transfer of harmful bacteria from one person, object, or place to another, or from one part of the body to another?

Back 18

Cross-infection

Front 19

A condition in which an object has been contaminated with pathogens?

Back 19

Dirty

Front 20

A measure used to decrease the spread of pathogens and disease by destroying pathogens ?

Back 20

Disinfection

Front 21

A measure used to decrease the spread of pathogens and disease by destroying all microorganisms, including those that form spores?

Back 21

Sterilization

Front 22

An appliance used to sterilize medical instruments or other objects by using steam under pressure?

Back 22

Autoclave

Front 23

A method that makes an area or object completely free of microorganisms; also called sterile technique?

Back 23

Surgical Asepsis

Front 24

This describes how disease is transmitted from one being to another?

Back 24

The chain of infection

Front 25

Link 1 of the COI (chain of infection); is a pathogenic microorganism that causes disease

Back 25

Causative agent

Front 26

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are examples of what link in the COI

Back 26

Link 1, Causative Agents

Front 27

The waiting period between the time the pathogen enters the body and the time it causes visible signs of symptoms and disease

Back 27

Incubation period

Front 28

Substances prepared from weakened or killed microorganisms that can give immunity to a disease without causing physical signs and symptoms of that particular disease ;An infection prevention example for Link 1 of the COI

Back 28

Vaccines

Front 29

Link 2 of the COI; the place where the pathogen lives and grows

Back 29

Reservoir

Front 30

Humans, animals, plants, soil, or substances are examples of which link in the COI

Back 30

link 2; a reservoir

Front 31

This occurs when a person gets a disease directly from another person (reservoir)?

Back 31

Direct spread

Front 32

Term that describes a person carrying the disease

Back 32

Carrier

Front 33

This occurs when a person gets a disease from an object, insect, or animal (reservoir)

Back 33

Indirect spread

Front 34

An object that is contaminated with a pathogen and can now spread the pathogen to another person (Examples are: infected food, water, utensils, bed linens)

Back 34

Fomite

Front 35

Keeping surfaces dry is an infections prevention example for which link in the COI

Back 35

Link 2; reservoir

Front 36

Link 3 of the COI; used to describe any opening on an infected person allowing pathogens to leave (Examples are: nose, mouth, eyes, or a cut in the skin)

Back 36

Portal of Exit

Front 37

Covering the nose and mouth is an infection prevention example of which link in the COI

Back 37

LINK 3; portal of exit

Front 38

Droplets from the nose and mouth is an example of this portal of exit

Back 38

respiratory tract

Front 39

Saliva, feces, or vomitus are examples of this portal of exit

Back 39

gastrointestinal tract

Front 40

Blood, pus, or other drainage from wounds are examples of this portal of exit

Back 40

Skin

Front 41

Urine, Semen, or vaginal secretions are examples of this portal of exit

Back 41

Genitals/ Urinary tract

Front 42

Link 4 of the COI; describes how the pathogen travels?

Back 42

mode of transmission

Front 43

These are considered the main routes of transmission?

Back 43

Contact, droplets, airbourne transmissions

Front 44

This is the primary route of disease transmission in healthcare settings?

Back 44

The hands of healthcare workers

Front 45

Washing hands is an infection prevention example of which link in the COI

Back 45

Link 4; mode of transmission

Front 46

The 5th link in the COI; describes any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter

Back 46

Portal of Entry

Front 47

Membranes that line the body cavities that open to the outside of the body. Includes the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, and genitals

Back 47

Mucous membranes

Front 48

The nose or mouth are examples of this portal of entry

Back 48

Respiratory tract

Front 49

food or fluids are examples of this portal of entry

Back 49

gastrointestinal tract

Front 50

the penis and vagina are examples of this portal of entry

Back 50

genitals

Front 51

this portal of entry occurs from mother to baby through what?

Back 51

the placenta

Front 52

a bite wound, acne, or non intact skin is an example of this portal of entry

Back 52

breaks in the skin

Front 53

wearing gloves is an infection prevention example for this link in the COI?

Back 53

LINK 5; portal of entry

Front 54

the 6th link in the COI; describes an uninfected person who could become ill

Back 54

susceptible host

Front 55

resistance to disease decreases when a person is considered what?

Back 55

a susceptible host

Front 56

staying healthy and protecting the elderly and ill from pathogens is an infection prevention example for this link in the COI

Back 56

LINK 6; susceptible host

Front 57

What population is at higher risk for infection due to weaker immune systems, limited mobility, thinner skin, slow wound healing, and many other reasons?

Back 57

The elderly

Front 58

What type of tubing is used for urinary elimination

Back 58

catheters

Front 59

the federal government agency that issues guidelines to protect and improve health

Back 59

(CDC) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Front 60

To keep something separate or by itself

Back 60

Isolate

Front 61

Means treating blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes as if they were infected

Back 61

Standard Precautions

Front 62

Why are Standard Precautions ALWAYS followed

Back 62

Because you cannot tell by looking at a resident or their charts whether or not they have a contagious disease

Front 63

Defined by the CDC as washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water or using alcohol based hand rubs

Back 63

Hand hygiene

Front 64

An agent that destroys, resists, or prevents the development of pathogens

Back 64

Antimicrobial agent

Front 65

A barrier between a person and pathogens

Back 65

PPE or Personal protective equipment

Front 66

This term means "to put on"

Back 66

Don

Front 67

This term means "to remove or take off"

Back 67

Doff

Front 68

Gloves, gowns, masks, goggles, and face shields are common examples of what

Back 68

PPE

Front 69

The correct order of donning full PPE is what

Back 69

1. wash hands

2. don gown

3. don mask or respirator

4. don goggles or face shield

5. don gloves

Front 70

The correct order of doffing full PPE is what

Back 70

1. doff and discard gloves

2. doff goggles or face shield

3. doff and discard gown

4. doff mask or respirator

5. wash hands

Front 71

Medical term for pink eye

Back 71

conjunctivitis

Front 72

Residents in isolation require what

Back 72

transmission-based precautions

Front 73

microorganisms in the human blood that can cause infection and diseases

Back 73

bloodborne pathogens

Front 74

a federal government agency that is responsible for the safety of workers in the US; they make and enforce rules to protect workers from hazards on the job

Back 74

OSHA or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Front 75

This law passed in 1991 requires that healthcare facilities protect employees from bloodborne health hazards

Back 75

Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

Front 76

This outlines specific work practices to prevent exposure to infectious material and identifies step by step procedures to follow when exposures do occur

Back 76

exposure control plan

Front 77

What is it called when an employee is exposed to blood or other potentially infectious material

Back 77

an exposure incident

Front 78

These are two major groups of bloodborne diseases in the US

Back 78

HIV and HEPATITIS

Front 79

A sexually transmitted disease that can also be transmitted by blood through needles and from mother to fetus

Back 79

HIV

Front 80

an inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma; includes types A B C D AND E

Back 80

hepatitis

Front 81

type of hepatitis transmitted by blood or body fluids

Back 81

hepatitis C

Front 82

type of hepatitis transmitted by blood that requires that hepatitis B be present in order for the person to contract

Back 82

hepatitis D

Front 83

type of hepatitis commonly spread by the fecal oral route, food or water contaminated by stool from an infected person

Back 83

hepatitis a

Front 84

type of hepatitis spread through sexual contact , sharing infected needles, from a mother to baby during delivery, through grooming supplies such as razors, nail clippers, and toothbrushes

Back 84

hepatitis b

Front 85

this type of hepatitis is not common in the US but can be spread through the fecal- oral route mostly from contaminated water

Back 85

hepatitis e

Front 86

microorganisms, mostly bacteria, that are resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents

Back 86

multi-resistant organisms (MDROs)

Front 87

an antibiotic resistant infection often acquired in healthcare facilities

Back 87

MRSA OR HA-MRSA

Front 88

type of MRSA infection that occurs in people who have not been recently admitted to a healthcare facility and have no past diagnosis of MRSA

Back 88

CA-MRSA ( community associated)

Front 89

how is MRSA most commonly spread

Back 89

by direct physical contact with infected people

Front 90

a spore forming bacterium which can be part of the normal intestinal flora

Back 90

C DIFFICILE