Chapter 5 And 6 Bio

Front 1

Know the name of the five sections of the epidermis from top to bottom

Back 1

1. Stratum corneum

2. Stratum lucidum

3. Stratum granulosum

4. Stratum spinosum

5. Stratum basale or stratum germinativum

Front 2

Know which of these five sections is absent in thin skin

Back 2

Stratum lucidum

Front 3

Now the types of tissue that make up the epidermis and dermis

Back 3

Dermis is dense connective tissue

Epidermis is keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells

Front 4

Know the section that have cells going through active mitosis

Back 4

Stratum germinativum

Front 5

Know the functions of the stratum corneum

Back 5

Prevents water loss or water entry

In unbroken skin it prevents entry of pathogens and chemicals

Front 6

Know the functions of Merkel cells langerhans cells melanocytes and melanin

Back 6

Merkel- receptors for sense of touch

Langerhans- phagocytize foreign materials and stimulate an immune response by lymphocytes

Melanocytes- produce melanin on exposure to UV rays

Melanin- protect living skin layers from further exposure to UV rays

Front 7

Know the function of hair and what tissue type hair and its follicles are made up of

Back 7

2. Nostril hairs keep dust out of nasal cavities

1. The eyebrows and lashes keep dust and participation out of the eyes2. Nostril hairs keep dust out of nasal cavities3. Hair on scalp provides insulation from cold for the headHair follicle Earth are made of epidermal tissue hair shaft is made of keratinized cells

3. Hair on scalp provides insulation from cold for the head

Hair follicle Earth are made of epidermal tissue hair shaft is made of keratinized cells

Front 8

Know function of nails and what tissue type of nail and it's follicles are made up of

Back 8

1. Protect against mechanical injury

2. To pick up small stuff

3. To scratch

Keratinized dead cells

Keratin and epidermis and dermis cells

Front 9

Know the gland sebum comes from know the function of sebum

Back 9

The sebaceous glands

Sebum inhibits the growth of some species of bacteria on the skin surface preventing colonization and prevents drying out of skin and hair

Front 10

Know the glands sweat come from and the function of sweat

Back 10

Sweat glands compound apocrine and eccrine sweat cools the body

Front 11

Know the glands cerumen come from know the function of cerumen

Back 11

Ceruminous glands prevent drying of eardrum

Front 12

No the senses that free nerve endings allow a person to feel

Back 12

Heat, cold, itch, pain

Front 13

Know of the senses that encapsulated nerves allow a person to feel

Back 13

Touch, pressure

Front 14

Describe how arterioles and arrector pili muscles work in stress situations

Back 14

Arterioles redirect blood to vital organs for fight or flight

Arrector pili muscle- pull hair upright for greater insulation from cold or to appear bigger

Front 15

Know the vitamin that can be produced by skin

Back 15

Vitamin D

Front 16

Know the tissue types that make up the subcutaneous layer below the skin

Back 16

Areolar Connective tissue or loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

Front 17

No another name for subcutaneous layer

Back 17

Superficial fascia

Front 18

Know the importance of the loose connective tissue of the subcutaneous layers

Back 18

1. Connect skin to muscle

2. Contains many wbcs to destroy pathogens that enter breaks in skin

Three. Contains mast cells that release histamine leukortrincines and other chemicals involved in inflammation

Front 19

Know the importance of adipose tissue

Back 19

1. Contain stored energy in the form of true fats

2. Cushions bony prominences

3. Provides some insulation from cold

4. Contributes to appetite

5. Contributes use of insulin

6. Produces cytokines to activate wbcs

7. Brown & beige fat produce heat

Front 20

Explain what the arterioles do and why in the skin when the external environment becomes cold and hot

Back 20

The dog light and response to warm to increase heat loss and I can straight to reserve body heat

Front 21

Define the three types of burns until what part of the skin are damaged in each degree know the two principal medical issues for patients associated with Burns especially third degree

Back 21

First degree is The Superficial epidermis

Second degree is deeper layers of the epidermis partial thickness

3rd degree is the entire epidermis full thickness burn

Bacterial infection in dehydration

Front 22

Define and be able to give an example of a long bone or short bone a flat bone and irregular bone

Back 22

Long bone arms legs hands feet contains spongy bone contains red bone marrow consist of dialysis made of compact bone the marrow Canal contains yellow bone marrow

Short bone wrist and ankle bone made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone

Flat bones pelvic bone cranial bones and ribs made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone the spongy bone contains red bone marrow

Irregular bones are the vertebrae and facial bone spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone spongy bones contain red bone marrow

Front 23

No what osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts do

Back 23

Osteocytes are bone cells and regulate amount of calcium in the bone matrix

Osteoblast make the bone matrix

Osteoclasts dissolve and digest the bone matrix reabsorbing cells

Front 24

Know what makes up the Bony Matrix / ground substance of bone

Back 24

Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate

Front 25

Know the functions of the skeletal system

Back 25

Support the body, facilitate movement, protect internal organs, produces blood cells, store and release minerals and fats

Front 26

Know the difference between spongy and compact bone

Back 26

Spongy bones--contain osteocytes and bone matrix but are not in haversian systems Ambani play and contain red bone marrow

Compact bone made up of haversian systems and osteons

Front 27

Know the importance of vitamin A and C vitamin D calcium phosphorus and protein for the growth and maintenance of bone tissue

Back 27

Vitamin A to process bone formation vitamin C to process bone formation vitamin D absorption of calcium and phosphorus at small intestine calcium becomes part of the salt phosphorus becomes part of the salts in The Matrix

protein becomes part of the collagen in Matrix

Front 28

Kow the importance of hormones growth calcitonin and parathyroid insulin thyroxine and estrogen / testosterone

Back 28

Insulin increases energy production from glucose, great increases protein synthesis and rate of mitosis of the chondrocytes in cartilage, calcitonin decreases reabsorption of calcium from Bones and targets osteoblast, parathyroid increases reabsorption of calcium by the small intestines and kidneys and heart is osteoclast, thyroxine increases protein synthesis and energy production from food, estrogen / testosterone helps maintain stable bone matrix and promotes closure of epiphyses of long bones

Front 29

Know the two other Fighters other than nutrients and hormones that affect bone growth and maintenance

Back 29

Hereditary and exercise

Front 30

Noah ossification means know what tissue types are converted to Bone tissue and intramembranous ossification endochondral ossification

Back 30

Bonner place in about another tissue

Itramemberanous is mesenchymal tissue

Endochondral is aggregates mesenchymal

Front 31

Nowhere red and yellow bone marrow is found in bones

Back 31

Red bone marrow is in spongy bone

Yellow bone marrow is in the marrow canal medullary cavity

Front 32

Tissue each of the three types of joints are made of know what type of movement each of the three provide no one location the body where each of the three are found

Back 32

Synarthrosis- no movement Sage or fibrous connective tissue the future of the frontal and parietal bone

Amthiarthosis- cartilage connective tissue art movement the vertebrae

Diarthrosis synovial free movement

Hinge knee