Chapter 5

Front 1

STRUCTURE

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Back 1

Found in eucaryotes

Function: in nutrient processing, synthesis and storage of nonprotein molecules sup as lips

Front 2

Structure

Flagella

Back 2

Found in both eucaryotes and procaryotes

Function: motility

Front 3

Structure

Nucleus

Back 3

Found in eucaryotes

Function: Control center. Store cell inheritance (DNA) material and coordinates the cell activities.

Front 4

Structure

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 4

Found in eucaryotes

Function: site for protein synthesis

Front 5

Structure

Glycocalyx

Back 5

Found in both eucaryotes and procaryotes

Function: adherence, protection,and signal reception

Front 6

Structure

Golgi apparatus

Back 6

Found in eucaryotes

Function: packing and modification of protein prior to secretion

Front 7

Structure

Cilia

Back 7

Found in eucaryotes

Function: motility and feeding and filtering

Front 8

Structure

Mitochondria

Or energy generator or fuel house

Back 8

Found in eucaryotes

Function: energy production.

Front 9

Structure

Cell wall

Back 9

Found in eucaryotes and procaryotes

Function: support and shape

Front 10

Structure

Plasma membrane

Back 10

Found in eucaryotes

Function: protect cells from its surroundings

Front 11

Structure

Nuleolus

Back 11

Found in eucaryotes

Function: making proteins in the cell

Front 12

Structure

Chloroplast

Back 12

Found in eucaryotes

Function: conversion of sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis

Front 13

Structure

Ribosomes

Back 13

Found in both eucaryotes and procaryotes

Function: protein synthesis

Front 14

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Back 14

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus

Front 15

What is a Symbiosis?

Back 15

Two or more organisms in a mutual relationship

Front 16

The role of symbiosis in revolution of eukaryotic cells.

Back 16

They first appeared a proximately 2 billion years ago

Evidence suggest it evolution from prokaryotic organisms by Symbiosis

Organelle's originated from prokaryotic cells trapped inside them

Front 17

What is the difference between cilia and Flagella?

Back 17

Cilia is found only on a single group of Protozoa and certain animals.

flagella Long Sheathed cylinder containing microtubules in a 9 to 2 arrangement

Front 18

Mitochondria how was it evolved, it's structure and function

Back 18

Evolved from prokaryotic cells and Endosymbiosis. Consist of an outer membrane and a inner membrane with folds called cristae. Also functions in energy production

Front 19

Where are the nucleolus located ? What are the major responsibilities carried out by the nucleus.

Back 19

It is contained within the cells nucleus

It is a dark area for rRNA synthesis and Ribosomes assembly

Front 20

Protozoans and their important characteristics.

Back 20

Very in shape, lack of a cell wall

Some are animal parasite and can be spread by insects vectors

Most have locomotor structures like flagella, Cilia or pseudopods

Front 21

Fungi

2 morphology

Back 21

Yeast : single celled, round oval shaped asexual reproduction.

Mold : multicellular, contains multiple identical nuclei, have long filaments known as hyphae.

Front 22

Fungi

Reproduction

Back 22

Asexual reproduction: spores are formed through budding or mitosis; conidiophores or sporangiospore.

Sexual reproduction: spores are form following fusion of male and female strains and formation of sexual structure.

Zygospores: One type of sexual spore when male and female unite.

Front 23

Fungi

Importances of spores

Back 23

Helps to identify the fungi

Front 24

Fungi

Mycoses

Back 24

Fungal infection

Front 25

Fungi

Mycologist

Back 25

Person who studies fungal infections or fungi

Front 26

Fungi

Dimorphic

Back 26

Characteristics of some pathogenic moles

Example: penicillin Marneffei at room temperature, it grows as mold. At body temperature, it grows as a yeast.

Front 27

Fungal Organization

Back 27

Filamentous fungus: Mass of hyphae called Mycelium; cottony, hairy, or velvety texture

Front 28

Endoplasm reticulum (ER)

Back 28

An interconnected network of membranous, hollow sacs that synthesize and transport cell substance. The ER serves as a passageway for materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It

Front 29

Two types of endoplasmic reticulum and their role

Back 29

Rough endoplasmic reticulum : (RER) originates from the outer membrane of the Nuclear envelope and extends through cytoplasm. Rough due to Ribosomes site for protein synthesis

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) : closed tubular network without Ribosomes; Functions the in nutrient processing, synthesis and other storage of protein molecules such as lipids

Front 30

Internal structure

Golgi apparatus

( Golgi bodies)

Back 30

The side of the cell that collects proteins and package them for transport to their final destination. Consist of a stack of flattened sacks with spaces or cisternae.

Front 31

Golgi Apparatus

Functioning, formation of lysosomes

Back 31

Transitional vesicles from the ER containing protein go to the Golgi apparatus for modification and maturation

Condensing vesicles transport proteins to organelles such as lysosome( inside the cell) or transported outside the cell as secretory vessels(leaves cell)

Front 32

Internal Structure

Lysosomes

Back 32

Vesicles containing enzymes(proteins) that originate from Golgi apparatus.

Involved in intracellular digestion of food particles and protection against invading microbes

Front 33

External boundary structures

Cell wall

Back 33

rigid, provides structural support and shape.

Front 34

External boundary structure

Fungi

Back 34

Have thick inner layer mainly composed of chitin(carbohydrate)

Front 35

External Bandary structure

Algae

Back 35

Substance commonly found include cellulose

Front 36

External structure

Glycocalyx

(Sugar)

Back 36

An outermost boundary that comes into direct contact with environment.

Appears as a network of fibers, A slime layer or capsule

Function in adherence, protection and signal reception

Front 37

Kingdom Protista

Algae

Back 37

Most are free living and fresh and marine water (plankton)

Front 38

Kingdom Protista

Plankton

Back 38

Small and microscopic organisms drifting or floating in the sea of freshwater.

Front 39

Kingdom Protista

DINOFLAGELLATEs

Back 39

Coastal marine species which "bloom" during the warm months of summer. These species reproduce in such great numbers that the water may appear golden or red, producing a "red tide"

Front 40

Internal structure

Chloroplast

Back 40

Found in algae and plant cells.

Outer membrane covers inner membrane folds into sacs, thylakoids, stacked into grana.

Larger then mitochondria.

Contains photo synthetic pigments ( chlorophyll).

Convert the energy of sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Has Ribosomes 10s and DNA.

Front 41

Internal structure

Importance of Nucleus and its structure

Back 41

Control center.

Dark area for rRNA synthesis and ribosomes assembly

Front 42

Important Diseases

T. Cruzi

Back 42

CHaga's disease; South and Central America.

Vector is Reduviid bug or kissing bug

Front 43

Important diseases

T. Brucei

Back 43

African sleeping sickness.

Vector is Tsetse fly

Front 44

Important diseases

Entamoeba histolytic

(Amebic Dysentery)

Back 44

(A) cyst are eaten.

(B) Amoebas emerge from cyst.

(C) Trophozoites invade the large intestinal wall.

(D) mature cyst are released in the feces and may be spread through contaminated food and water